Distributed Systems Roadmap
47 sections • 536 topics
- 1. Understanding Distributed System Definition
- 2. Understanding Network Communication
- 3. Understanding Partial Failures
- 4. Understanding Transparency Goals
- 5. Understanding Fallacies of Distributed Computing
- 6. Understanding Scalability Types
- 7. Understanding Latency vs Throughput Tradeoffs
- 8. Understanding Reliability vs Availability
- 9. Understanding Distributed System Challenges
- 10. Understanding When to Use Distributed Systems
- 1. Understanding CAP Theorem
- 2. Understanding PACELC Theorem
- 3. Understanding ACID vs BASE Properties
- ACID (Strong)
- BASE (Relaxed)
- 4. Understanding Fault Models
- 5. Understanding Timing Models
- 6. Understanding System Guarantees
- 7. Understanding Availability Metrics (SLA, SLO, SLI)
- 8. Understanding Durability Guarantees
- 9. Understanding Failure Modes
- 10. Understanding Performance Guarantees
- 1. Understanding Strong Consistency
- 2. Understanding Eventual Consistency
- 3. Understanding Causal Consistency
- 4. Understanding Linearizability (atomic consistency)
- 5. Understanding Sequential Consistency
- 6. Understanding Read-Your-Writes Consistency
- 7. Implementing Monotonic Reads
- Example: Version-token guard for monotonic reads
- 8. Implementing Monotonic Writes
- 9. Understanding Session Consistency
- 10. Understanding Consistency Trade-offs and Selection
- 1. Understanding Physical Clocks
- 2. Understanding Logical Clocks (Lamport timestamps)
- Example: Lamport clock
- 3. Understanding Vector Clocks
- 4. Understanding Hybrid Logical Clocks (HLC)
- 5. Implementing Happened-Before Relationship
- 6. Handling Clock Skew and Drift
- 7. Using Time for Event Ordering
- 8. Implementing Causal Ordering
- 9. Understanding Total vs Partial Ordering
- 10. Working with Timestamps in Distributed Transactions
- 1. Understanding Serialization Formats
- 2. Working with Protocol Buffers (protobuf)
- Example: protobuf schema and Java usage
- 3. Working with Apache Avro
- Example: Avro schema
- 4. Working with Apache Thrift
- 5. Implementing Binary Serialization (MessagePack)
- 6. Implementing Schema Evolution
- 7. Implementing Forward and Backward Compatibility
- 8. Working with Schema Registry
- 9. Understanding Serialization Performance Trade-offs
- 10. Handling Schema Versioning
- 1. Understanding Partitioning Strategies
- 2. Implementing Consistent Hashing
- Example: Consistent hash ring with virtual nodes
- 3. Implementing Virtual Nodes (vnodes)
- 4. Implementing Hash Slots (Redis Cluster)
- 5. Implementing Range Partitioning
- 6. Handling Partition Rebalancing
- 7. Understanding Hot Spots and Skewed Workloads
- 8. Selecting Partition Keys
- 9. Handling Cross-Partition Queries
- 10. Implementing Secondary Indexes in Partitioned Systems
- 1. Understanding Replication Strategies
- 2. Implementing Synchronous Replication
- 3. Implementing Asynchronous Replication
- 4. Implementing Semi-Synchronous Replication
- 5. Understanding Replication Lag and Staleness
- 6. Implementing Read Replicas
- 7. Handling Replication Conflicts
- 8. Implementing Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs)
- 9. Understanding Active-Active vs Active-Passive
- Active-Active
- Active-Passive
- 10. Implementing Chain Replication
- 11. Implementing Quorum Reads and Writes (R + W > N)
- 1. Understanding Anti-Entropy Mechanisms
- 2. Implementing Read Repair
- 3. Implementing Write Repair
- 4. Implementing Merkle Trees for Synchronization
- Example: Merkle tree leaf hash
- 5. Implementing Hinted Handoff
- 6. Understanding Repair Scheduling Strategies
- 7. Implementing Background Repair Jobs
- 8. Handling Inconsistency Detection
- 9. Implementing Full vs Incremental Repair
- 10. Understanding Repair Trade-offs
- 1. Understanding Gossip Protocol Fundamentals
- 2. Implementing Push Gossip
- 3. Implementing Pull Gossip
- 4. Implementing Push-Pull Gossip
- 5. Understanding Gossip Convergence Properties
- 6. Implementing Failure Detection with Gossip
- 7. Implementing Membership Management with Gossip
- 8. Understanding SWIM Protocol
- 9. Implementing Dissemination Rate Control
- 10. Understanding Gossip Protocol Trade-offs
- 1. Understanding Consensus Problem
- 2. Implementing Paxos Algorithm (basic)
- 3. Implementing Multi-Paxos
- 4. Implementing Raft Consensus
- 5. Implementing Raft Log Replication
- Raft Append Entries Flow
- 6. Implementing Raft Membership Changes
- 7. Understanding Viewstamped Replication
- 8. Understanding Zab Protocol (ZooKeeper)
- 9. Handling Split-Brain Scenarios
- 10. Implementing Quorum-Based Consensus
- 11. Understanding Byzantine Fault Tolerant Consensus (PBFT)
- 1. Understanding Leader Election Algorithms
- 2. Implementing Bully Algorithm
- 3. Implementing Ring Algorithm
- 4. Implementing Lease-Based Leader Election
- Example: etcd lease lock
- 5. Using Consensus for Leader Election
- 6. Handling Leader Failures
- 7. Implementing Fencing Tokens
- Example: Resource server rejecting stale fencing token
- 8. Understanding Split-Brain Prevention
- 9. Implementing Leader Heartbeat Mechanisms
- 10. Understanding Leader Election Trade-offs
- 1. Understanding Coordination Services
- 2. Implementing Barrier Synchronization
- 3. Implementing Distributed Locks
- Example: Redis SET NX lock with token
- 4. Implementing Distributed Semaphores
- 5. Implementing Distributed Counters
- 6. Implementing Group Membership Management
- 7. Implementing Distributed Queues
- 8. Implementing Configuration Management
- 9. Implementing Distributed Barriers
- 10. Understanding Coordination Trade-offs
- 1. Understanding ACID Properties in Distributed Systems
- 2. Implementing Two-Phase Commit (2PC)
- 2PC Protocol
- 3. Implementing Three-Phase Commit (3PC)
- 4. Understanding Distributed Deadlocks
- 5. Implementing Saga Pattern (choreography)
- 6. Implementing Saga Pattern (orchestration)
- Example: Orchestrated saga (pseudo-code)
- 7. Implementing Compensating Transactions
- 8. Understanding Isolation Levels
- 9. Implementing Optimistic Concurrency Control
- Example: Version-based OCC
- 10. Implementing Pessimistic Locking
- 11. Understanding Transaction Coordinators
- 1. Understanding Idempotent Operations
- 2. Implementing Idempotency Keys
- Example: Idempotency-Key middleware
- 3. Implementing Deduplication Strategies
- 4. Handling Retries with Idempotency
- 5. Implementing Idempotent APIs
- 6. Understanding Natural vs Artificial Idempotency
- Natural
- Artificial
- 7. Implementing Idempotency Token Storage
- 8. Handling State Management for Idempotency
- 9. Implementing Time-Based Deduplication
- 10. Understanding Idempotency Trade-offs
- 1. Implementing Synchronous Communication
- 2. Implementing Asynchronous Communication
- 3. Implementing Remote Procedure Calls (RPC, gRPC)
- Example: gRPC service definition
- 4. Implementing RESTful APIs
- 5. Implementing GraphQL APIs
- 6. Implementing WebSocket Communication
- 7. Implementing API Gateways
- 8. Implementing Service Mesh
- 9. Understanding Communication Protocols
- 10. Implementing Request-Reply Pattern
- 1. Implementing RESTful Resource Modeling
- 2. Implementing Pagination
- Example: Cursor pagination response
- 3. Implementing Filtering and Sorting
- 4. Implementing API Versioning
- 5. Implementing Rate Limiting Headers
- 6. Implementing HATEOAS
- Example: HAL-style response
- 7. Implementing Idempotency Keys in APIs
- 8. Implementing Bulk Operations
- 9. Implementing Long-Running Operations
- Async LRO Pattern
- 10. Implementing API Error Handling and Status Codes
- Example: Problem Details (RFC 7807)
- 1. Understanding Message Queue Patterns
- 2. Implementing Producer-Consumer Pattern
- Example: Kafka producer/consumer
- 3. Implementing Message Acknowledgments
- 4. Implementing Exactly-Once Semantics
- 5. Handling Message Ordering Guarantees
- 6. Implementing Dead Letter Queues
- 7. Implementing Message Expiration (TTL)
- 8. Implementing Priority Queues
- 9. Handling Poison Messages
- 10. Implementing Message Batching
- 11. Understanding Message Broker Architectures
- 1. Understanding Event Sourcing Pattern
- 2. Implementing Event Store Design
- 3. Implementing Event Replay and Projection
- Example: Account projection
- 4. Understanding CQRS Pattern
- 5. Implementing Event Bus
- 6. Implementing Event Schema Evolution
- 7. Handling Event Ordering and Causality
- 8. Implementing Event Deduplication
- 9. Understanding Domain Events vs Integration Events
- Domain Events
- Integration Events
- 10. Implementing Outbox Pattern
- Transactional Outbox
- 1. Understanding Stream Processing Models
- 2. Implementing Exactly-Once Stream Processing
- 3. Implementing Windowing Operations
- 4. Implementing Stream Joins
- 5. Implementing Stateful Stream Processing
- 6. Implementing Backpressure Handling
- 7. Implementing Stream Partitioning
- 8. Understanding Watermarks and Late Data
- 9. Implementing Event Time vs Processing Time
- 10. Implementing Stream-Table Duality
- 1. Understanding Service Registry Pattern
- 2. Implementing Client-Side Discovery
- 3. Implementing Server-Side Discovery
- 4. Implementing Health Checks
- 5. Implementing Heartbeat Mechanisms
- 6. Working with DNS-Based Discovery
- 7. Implementing Service Registration
- 8. Handling Service Deregistration
- 9. Implementing Service Metadata Management
- 10. Understanding Service Discovery Trade-offs
- 1. Understanding Load Balancing Algorithms
- 2. Implementing Weighted Load Balancing
- 3. Implementing Consistent Hash Load Balancing
- 4. Implementing Session Affinity (sticky sessions)
- 5. Understanding Layer 4 vs Layer 7 Load Balancing
- Layer 4 (TCP/UDP)
- Layer 7 (HTTP)
- 6. Implementing Client-Side Load Balancing
- 7. Implementing Server-Side Load Balancing
- 8. Handling Load Balancer Health Checks
- 9. Implementing Dynamic Load Balancing
- 10. Understanding Load Shedding Strategies
- 1. Understanding Routing Strategies
- 2. Implementing Path-Based Routing
- Example: Envoy/Istio path routes
- 3. Implementing Header-Based Routing
- 4. Implementing Content-Based Routing
- 5. Implementing Geographic Routing
- 6. Implementing Latency-Based Routing
- 7. Implementing Weighted Routing
- Example: 90/10 traffic split (Istio)
- 8. Implementing Traffic Splitting
- 9. Implementing Service Mesh Routing
- 10. Understanding Routing Rule Priorities
- 1. Understanding Session Management Strategies
- 2. Implementing Sticky Sessions
- 3. Implementing Session Replication
- 4. Implementing Centralized Session Store
- Example: Spring Session + Redis
- 5. Implementing Token-Based Sessions (JWT)
- 6. Handling Session Expiration
- 7. Implementing Session Affinity
- 8. Understanding Stateless vs Stateful Services
- Stateless
- Stateful
- 9. Implementing Session Migration
- 10. Handling Session Security
- 1. Understanding Cache Strategies
- 2. Implementing Read-Through Caching
- Example: Caffeine + LoadingCache
- 3. Implementing Write-Behind Caching
- 4. Implementing Cache Invalidation Strategies
- 5. Handling Cache Coherence
- 6. Implementing Distributed Cache Partitioning
- 7. Understanding Cache Stampede Problem
- 8. Implementing Cache Warming
- 9. Implementing Cache Eviction Policies
- 10. Handling Cache Penetration and Breakdown
- 1. Understanding DHT Architecture
- 2. Implementing Chord Protocol
- 3. Implementing Kademlia Protocol
- 4. Understanding Key Space Partitioning
- 5. Implementing Finger Tables
- 6. Handling Node Joins and Departures
- 7. Implementing Routing in DHTs
- 8. Understanding DHT Replication
- 9. Implementing DHT Lookups
- 10. Understanding DHT Trade-offs
- 1. Understanding Bloom Filters
- Example: Guava BloomFilter
- 2. Implementing Counting Bloom Filters
- 3. Implementing HyperLogLog
- 4. Understanding Count-Min Sketch
- 5. Implementing Cuckoo Filters
- 6. Understanding MinHash for Similarity
- 7. Implementing Approximate Membership Queries
- 8. Understanding False Positive Rates
- 9. Implementing Space-Efficient Counting
- 10. Understanding Trade-offs in Probabilistic Structures
- 1. Understanding DFS Architecture
- 2. Implementing File Replication
- 3. Understanding Block Storage
- 4. Implementing Data Locality Optimization
- 5. Handling File Consistency
- 6. Implementing File Caching
- 7. Understanding Rack Awareness
- 8. Implementing Data Integrity Checks
- 9. Handling Node Failures
- 10. Understanding Read and Write Patterns
- 1. Implementing Circuit Breaker Pattern
- Example: Resilience4j circuit breaker
- 2. Implementing Retry Strategies
- 3. Implementing Timeout Strategies
- 4. Implementing Bulkhead Pattern
- 5. Implementing Failover Mechanisms
- 6. Implementing Graceful Degradation
- 7. Implementing Chaos Engineering Practices
- 8. Understanding Failure Detection Mechanisms
- 9. Implementing Self-Healing Systems
- 10. Handling Cascading Failures
- 11. Implementing Rate Limiting and Throttling
- 1. Understanding Backpressure Mechanisms
- 2. Implementing Reactive Streams
- 3. Implementing Flow Control
- 4. Implementing Queue-Based Backpressure
- 5. Implementing Rate Limiting for Backpressure
- 6. Implementing Admission Control
- 7. Handling Unbounded Queues
- 8. Implementing Bounded Queues
- 9. Understanding Push vs Pull Models
- Push
- Pull
- 10. Implementing Backpressure Propagation
- 1. Understanding Horizontal vs Vertical Scaling
- 2. Implementing Stateless Service Design
- 3. Implementing Database Sharding
- 4. Implementing Read-Write Splitting
- 5. Implementing CQRS for Scalability
- 6. Implementing Asynchronous Processing
- 7. Implementing Batch Processing
- 8. Implementing Stream Processing for Scale
- 9. Understanding Auto-Scaling Strategies
- 10. Implementing Resource Pooling
- 11. Implementing CDN for Static Content
- 1. Understanding Performance Bottlenecks
- 2. Implementing Connection Pooling
- 3. Implementing Request Batching
- 4. Implementing Response Compression
- 5. Implementing Query Optimization
- 6. Implementing Index Strategies
- 7. Implementing Caching Layers
- 8. Understanding Network Latency Optimization
- 9. Implementing Lazy Loading
- 10. Implementing Prefetching and Preloading
- 11. Understanding Performance Profiling Tools
- 1. Understanding Structured Logging
- Example: JSON structured log
- 2. Implementing Correlation IDs (trace IDs)
- 3. Implementing Log Aggregation
- 4. Implementing Centralized Logging
- 5. Understanding Log Levels
- 6. Implementing Log Sampling
- 7. Implementing Log Retention Policies
- 8. Handling Log Shipping and Buffering
- 9. Implementing Log Parsing and Indexing
- 10. Understanding Logging Best Practices
- 1. Understanding Trace Context Propagation
- 2. Implementing Span Creation
- Example: OpenTelemetry Java
- 3. Implementing Trace Sampling Strategies
- 4. Working with OpenTelemetry
- 5. Implementing Baggage for Context
- 6. Understanding Trace Visualization
- 7. Implementing Service Dependency Mapping
- 8. Handling Trace Storage and Querying
- 9. Implementing Critical Path Analysis
- 10. Understanding Distributed Tracing Trade-offs
- 1. Understanding Metric Types
- 2. Implementing Application Metrics
- Example: Micrometer + Prometheus
- 3. Implementing Infrastructure Metrics
- 4. Implementing Business Metrics
- 5. Understanding RED Method (rate, errors, duration)
- 6. Understanding USE Method (utilization, saturation, errors)
- 7. Implementing Metric Aggregation
- 8. Implementing Alerting Rules
- Example: Prometheus alert rule
- 9. Implementing Dashboards and Visualization
- 10. Understanding Metric Cardinality
- 11. Implementing SLI and SLO Tracking
- 1. Understanding Three Pillars
- 2. Implementing Health Check Endpoints
- Example: Spring Boot Actuator
- 3. Implementing Readiness and Liveness Probes
- 4. Implementing Profiling and Performance Analysis
- 5. Understanding Black-Box vs White-Box Monitoring
- Black-Box
- White-Box
- 6. Implementing Synthetic Monitoring
- 7. Implementing Real User Monitoring (RUM)
- 8. Implementing Error Tracking and Alerting
- 9. Understanding Observability-Driven Development
- 10. Implementing Debugging in Production
- 1. Implementing Distributed Breakpoints
- 2. Understanding Remote Debugging
- 3. Implementing Request Replaying
- 4. Implementing Traffic Mirroring
- Example: Istio mirroring
- 5. Using Distributed Profilers
- 6. Implementing Memory Dump Analysis
- 7. Understanding Heisenbug Detection
- 8. Implementing Distributed Assertions
- 9. Implementing Testing in Production
- 10. Using Observability for Debugging
- 1. Implementing Mutual TLS (mTLS)
- 2. Implementing Service-to-Service Authentication
- 3. Implementing API Key Management
- 4. Implementing OAuth2 and OpenID Connect
- 5. Implementing Token Validation and Refresh
- Example: JWT validation (Java)
- 6. Implementing Encryption at Rest and in Transit
- 7. Implementing Secrets Management
- 8. Implementing Network Segmentation
- 9. Implementing Rate Limiting for Security
- 10. Understanding Zero Trust Architecture
- 11. Implementing Audit Logging
- 1. Implementing Externalized Configuration
- 2. Implementing Configuration Hierarchy
- 3. Implementing Dynamic Configuration Updates
- 4. Implementing Configuration Versioning
- 5. Implementing Configuration Validation
- 6. Using Configuration Servers
- 7. Implementing Feature Toggles
- 8. Handling Configuration Secrets
- 9. Implementing Configuration Rollback
- 10. Understanding Configuration as Code
- 1. Understanding Semantic Versioning
- 2. Implementing API Versioning Strategies
- 3. Implementing Schema Versioning
- 4. Implementing Protocol Versioning
- 5. Handling Breaking Changes
- 6. Implementing Deprecation Policies
- 7. Understanding Version Compatibility Matrix
- 8. Implementing Version Negotiation
- 9. Implementing Multi-Version Support
- 10. Understanding Sunset Strategies
- 1. Understanding Blue-Green Deployment
- 2. Implementing Canary Releases
- 3. Implementing Rolling Updates
- Example: K8s Deployment strategy
- 4. Implementing Feature Flags
- 5. Implementing A/B Testing
- 6. Implementing Shadow Traffic
- 7. Understanding Immutable Infrastructure
- 8. Implementing Zero-Downtime Deployments
- 9. Implementing Database Migration Strategies
- 10. Implementing Rollback Mechanisms
- 1. Understanding Schema Migration Strategies
- 2. Implementing Dual-Write Pattern
- 3. Implementing Incremental Migration
- 4. Implementing Data Backfilling
- Example: Idempotent batch backfill (Java)
- 5. Implementing Zero-Downtime Migrations
- 6. Handling Data Transformation
- 7. Implementing Migration Rollback
- 8. Implementing Data Validation During Migration
- 9. Understanding Blue-Green Data Migration
- 10. Implementing Parallel Run Strategy
- 1. Understanding Batch vs Stream Processing
- Batch
- Stream
- 2. Implementing Job Scheduling
- 3. Implementing Job Parallelization
- 4. Implementing Checkpointing and Recovery
- 5. Implementing Error Handling in Batch Jobs
- 6. Implementing Batch Partitioning
- 7. Understanding Batch Size Optimization
- 8. Implementing Job Monitoring
- 9. Implementing Job Retry Strategies
- 10. Implementing Batch Result Aggregation
- 1. Implementing Unit Testing for Distributed Components
- 2. Implementing Integration Testing
- 3. Implementing Contract Testing
- 4. Implementing End-to-End Testing
- 5. Implementing Chaos Testing
- 6. Implementing Performance Testing
- 7. Implementing Load Testing and Stress Testing
- 8. Implementing Fault Injection
- 9. Understanding Test Environments
- 10. Implementing Test Data Management
- 11. Implementing Simulation and Modeling
- 1. Understanding Tenant Isolation Strategies
- 2. Implementing Shared Database with Tenant ID
- Example: Postgres Row-Level Security
- 3. Implementing Database per Tenant
- 4. Implementing Schema per Tenant
- 5. Implementing Tenant Context Propagation
- 6. Implementing Resource Quotas and Limits
- 7. Handling Tenant Data Isolation
- 8. Implementing Tenant Configuration
- 9. Understanding Noisy Neighbor Problem
- 10. Implementing Tenant-Specific Features
- 1. Understanding Multi-Region Architectures
- 2. Implementing Geographic Replication
- 3. Implementing Read Replicas Across Regions
- 4. Understanding Latency-Based Routing
- 5. Implementing Global Load Balancing
- 6. Implementing Data Residency Compliance
- 7. Handling Cross-Region Failover
- 8. Understanding Consistency Across Regions
- 9. Implementing CDN for Global Delivery
- 10. Implementing Edge Computing Patterns
- 1. Understanding RTO and RPO Requirements
- 2. Implementing Backup Strategies
- 3. Implementing Cross-Region Backups
- 4. Implementing Disaster Recovery Plans
- 5. Implementing Failover and Failback Procedures
- 6. Implementing Data Recovery Procedures
- 7. Testing Disaster Recovery Plans
- 8. Implementing Point-in-Time Recovery
- 9. Understanding Backup Retention Policies
- 10. Implementing Business Continuity Planning
- 1. Understanding Cluster Architecture
- 2. Implementing Node Health Monitoring
- 3. Implementing Cluster Membership Changes
- 4. Implementing Rolling Cluster Upgrades
- 5. Handling Cluster Split and Merge
- 6. Implementing Resource Allocation
- 7. Implementing Cluster Autoscaling
- 8. Implementing Cluster State Management
- 9. Understanding Cluster Coordination
- 10. Implementing Cluster Monitoring and Alerting