Working with Cloud-Native Technologies
1. Using Containerization
| Practice | Detail |
|---|---|
| Small base | distroless / alpine / chainguard |
| Multi-stage | Build then copy artifact |
| Non-root | USER 10001 |
| Reproducible | Pin digests |
2. Implementing Container Orchestration
| Choice | Detail |
|---|---|
| Self-managed K8s | kubeadm, kOps |
| Managed K8s | EKS / GKE / AKS |
| PaaS | Cloud Run, App Runner, ECS |
| Edge | K3s, MicroK8s |
3. Using Serverless Functions
| Aspect | Detail |
|---|---|
| Use | Event handlers, glue, low traffic |
| Limits | Cold start, max duration, statelessness |
| Tools | Lambda, Cloud Functions, Azure Functions, Knative |
4. Implementing API Gateways
| Tool | Use |
|---|---|
| Kong / Tyk | Self-managed |
| AWS API Gateway | Managed |
| Apigee | Enterprise |
| Envoy Gateway | K8s Gateway API |
5. Using Managed Databases
| Service | Type |
|---|---|
| RDS / Aurora | Postgres / MySQL |
| DynamoDB | Key-value, serverless |
| Cosmos DB | Multi-model |
| Spanner | Global SQL |
| PlanetScale / Neon | Serverless Postgres/MySQL |
6. Implementing Message Queues
| Service | Detail |
|---|---|
| SQS / SNS | Queue / pub-sub |
| EventBridge | Schema + routing |
| Pub/Sub | GCP global |
| MSK / Confluent Cloud | Managed Kafka |
7. Using Object Storage
| Service | Use |
|---|---|
| S3 / GCS / Blob | Files, backups, data lakes |
| Tiers | Standard → IA → Glacier |
| Versioning + Object Lock | Compliance |
8. Implementing CDN
| Vendor | Detail |
|---|---|
| Cloudflare / Fastly / CloudFront | Edge caching + WAF |
| Edge compute | Workers, Lambda@Edge |
| TLS at edge | Origin can be HTTP via private link |
9. Using Cloud Monitoring
| Service | Detail |
|---|---|
| CloudWatch | AWS metrics/logs/alarms |
| Cloud Operations | GCP |
| Azure Monitor | Azure |
| Managed Prom / Grafana | OSS in cloud |
10. Implementing Infrastructure as Code
| Tool | Detail |
|---|---|
| Terraform / OpenTofu | Multi-cloud HCL |
| Pulumi | Real languages |
| CDK / CDKTF | Code → IaC |
| Crossplane | K8s-native |
11. Using Managed Kubernetes
| Service | Notes |
|---|---|
| EKS | AWS |
| GKE | Autopilot mode |
| AKS | Azure |
| DOKS / LKE / Civo | Smaller providers |
12. Implementing Cloud-Native Patterns
| Pattern | Detail |
|---|---|
| 12-factor | Config, statelessness, logs to stdout |
| Immutable infra | Replace, don't patch |
| GitOps | Git is source of truth |
| Observability-first | Built-in instrumentation |