REST API Roadmap
43 sections • 527 topics
- 1. Understanding REST Principles
- 2. Understanding Resource-Based Architecture
- 3. Understanding Uniform Interface Constraints
- 4. Understanding Stateless Communication
- 5. Understanding Cacheability Requirements
- 6. Understanding Layered System Architecture
- 7. Understanding Code on Demand
- 8. Understanding REST Maturity Model
- 9. Understanding RESTful vs REST-like APIs
- 10. Understanding REST vs SOAP Differences
- 1. Using Nouns for Resources
- 2. Using Plural Nouns
- 3. Structuring Hierarchical Resources
- 4. Using Lowercase and Hyphens
- 5. Avoiding File Extensions
- 6. Designing Collection vs Singleton Resources
- 7. Handling Nested Resources
- Example: Nested Resource Endpoints
- 8. Using Resource Identifiers
- 9. Designing Action-Based Endpoints
- 10. Handling Special Characters in URIs
- 11. Using Query Parameters
- 1. Using GET Method
- Example: GET Request
- 2. Using POST Method
- Example: POST Create User
- 3. Using PUT Method
- 4. Using PATCH Method
- Example: JSON Merge Patch
- 5. Using DELETE Method
- 6. Using HEAD Method
- 7. Using OPTIONS Method
- 8. Understanding Safe Methods
- 9. Understanding Idempotent Methods
- 10. Handling Method Override
- 1. Using 200 OK
- 2. Using 201 Created
- 3. Using 202 Accepted
- 4. Using 204 No Content
- 5. Using 206 Partial Content
- 6. Using 304 Not Modified
- 7. Using 400 Bad Request
- 8. Using 401 Unauthorized
- 9. Using 403 Forbidden
- 10. Using 404 Not Found
- 11. Using 405 Method Not Allowed
- 12. Using 409 Conflict
- 13. Using 422 Unprocessable Entity
- 14. Using 429 Too Many Requests
- 15. Using 500 Internal Server Error
- Status Code Quick Reference
- 1. Using Content-Type Header
- 2. Using Accept Header
- 3. Using Authorization Header
- 4. Using Cache-Control Header
- 5. Using ETag Header
- 6. Using If-None-Match Header
- 7. Using If-Match Header
- Example: Optimistic Concurrency with If-Match
- 8. Using If-Modified-Since Header
- 9. Using If-Unmodified-Since Header
- 10. Using Location Header
- 11. Using X-RateLimit Headers
- 12. Using CORS Headers
- 13. Using Custom Headers
- 1. Structuring Request Headers
- 2. Structuring Request Body
- Example: Well-Structured POST Body
- 3. Using Query Parameters
- 4. Using Path Parameters
- 5. Using Request Body for Complex Data
- 6. Handling Form Data
- 7. Handling Multipart Requests
- Example: Multipart Upload
- 8. Validating Request Data
- 9. Handling Request Size Limits
- 10. Using Custom Headers
- 1. Structuring JSON Responses
- 2. Using Response Envelopes
- Example: Envelope Format
- 3. Including Resource Metadata
- 4. Handling Empty Responses
- 5. Including Pagination Metadata
- 6. Including HATEOAS Links
- Example: HAL Format
- 7. Structuring Error Responses
- Example: RFC 7807 Problem Details
- 8. Using Consistent Naming Conventions
- 9. Handling Null vs Omitted Fields
- 10. Including Response Headers
- 1. Using Accept Header
- 2. Using Content-Type Header
- 3. Implementing Multiple Response Formats
- Example: Format Selection
- 4. Using Accept-Language Header
- 5. Using Accept-Encoding Header
- 6. Implementing Quality Values
- 7. Returning 406 Not Acceptable
- 8. Using Default Content Type
- 9. Implementing Vendor-Specific Media Types
- 10. Documenting Supported Formats
- 1. Implementing Schema Validation
- 2. Validating Required Fields
- Example: Bean Validation (Java)
- 3. Validating Data Types
- 4. Validating String Formats
- 5. Validating Number Ranges
- 6. Validating String Length
- 7. Validating Array Items
- Example: Array Validation (JSON Schema)
- 8. Implementing Custom Validation Rules
- Example: Custom Cross-Field Validator (Java)
- 9. Returning Validation Errors
- 10. Providing Field-Level Error Messages
- Example: Field-Level Error Response
- 1. Transforming Request Data
- 2. Transforming Response Data
- 3. Implementing Data Mapping
- 4. Converting Date Formats
- 5. Handling Time Zones
- 6. Sanitizing User Input
- 7. Implementing Case Conversion
- 8. Removing Sensitive Fields
- Example: Field-Level Filtering (Java/Jackson)
- 9. Implementing Data Enrichment
- 10. Using Transformation Libraries
- 1. Structuring Error Responses
- 2. Using Standard Error Codes
- 3. Including Field-Level Errors
- Example: Field Errors Array
- 4. Providing Error Messages
- 5. Including Error Documentation Links
- 6. Handling Validation Errors
- 7. Handling Server Errors
- 8. Implementing Error Logging
- 9. Avoiding Sensitive Information in Errors
- 10. Providing Localized Error Messages
- 11. Including Stack Traces
- 1. Using Offset-Based Pagination
- 2. Using Cursor-Based Pagination
- Example: Cursor Response
- 3. Using Page-Based Pagination
- 4. Including Pagination Metadata
- 5. Using Link Headers
- Example: GitHub-Style Link Header
- 6. Handling First and Last Page Links
- 7. Setting Default and Maximum Page Sizes
- 8. Implementing Keyset Pagination
- Example: Keyset Query
- 9. Handling Empty Result Sets
- 10. Using Consistent Pagination Parameters
- 1. Using Query Parameters for Filtering
- 2. Implementing Multi-Field Filtering
- Example: Combined Filters (AND)
- 3. Implementing Comparison Operators
- 4. Implementing Full-Text Search
- 5. Implementing Fuzzy Search
- 6. Using Arrays in Filters
- 7. Implementing Date Range Filtering
- Example: Date Range
- 8. Implementing Nested Field Filtering
- 9. Handling Special Characters in Filters
- 10. Implementing Filter Validation
- 11. Documenting Filter Options
- 1. Using Sort Query Parameter
- 2. Implementing Multi-Field Sorting
- Example: Multi-Field Sort
- 3. Specifying Sort Direction
- 4. Using Plus/Minus Prefix
- 5. Implementing Default Sorting Order
- 6. Handling Invalid Sort Fields
- 7. Combining Sorting with Pagination
- Example: Stable Sort
- 8. Implementing Nested Field Sorting
- 9. Documenting Sortable Fields
- 10. Optimizing Sort Performance
- 1. Using Fields Query Parameter
- 2. Implementing Sparse Fieldsets
- Example: Sparse Fieldsets
- 3. Including Related Resource Fields
- 4. Implementing Default Field Sets
- 5. Validating Requested Fields
- 6. Handling Nested Field Selection
- 7. Optimizing Database Queries
- 8. Combining Field Selection with Pagination
- Example: Combined Query
- 9. Documenting Available Fields
- 10. Implementing Field Exclusion
- 1. Using Expand Query Parameter
- 2. Implementing Nested Resource Embedding
- Example: Embedded Author
- 3. Using Include Parameter
- 4. Handling Circular References
- 5. Limiting Expansion Depth
- 6. Implementing Selective Expansion
- Example: Selective Expansion + Field Selection
- 7. Optimizing Database Queries
- 8. Combining Expansion with Field Selection
- 9. Documenting Expandable Resources
- 10. Handling Missing Related Resources
- 1. Implementing Basic Authentication
- 2. Implementing Bearer Token Authentication
- Example: Bearer Token (JWT)
- 3. Implementing API Key Authentication
- 4. Implementing OAuth 2.0
- 5. Implementing OAuth 2.0 Client Credentials
- Example: Client Credentials Token Request
- 6. Implementing Session-Based Authentication
- 7. Implementing Multi-Factor Authentication
- 8. Handling Token Refresh
- Example: Refresh Token Exchange
- 9. Implementing Token Expiration
- 10. Securing Authentication Endpoints
- 11. Handling Authentication Errors
- 1. Implementing Role-Based Access Control
- 2. Implementing Attribute-Based Access Control
- 3. Implementing Resource-Level Permissions
- Example: Resource-Level Check
- 4. Implementing Scope-Based Authorization
- 5. Validating Permissions Before Operations
- 6. Handling Forbidden Access
- 7. Implementing Owner-Based Access Control
- Example: Owner Check
- 8. Implementing Hierarchical Permissions
- 9. Implementing Fine-Grained Permissions
- 10. Caching Authorization Decisions
- 1. Using PATCH Method
- 2. Implementing JSON Patch
- Example: JSON Patch
- 3. Using JSON Merge Patch
- Example: JSON Merge Patch
- 4. Validating Patch Operations
- 5. Handling Nested Field Updates
- 6. Implementing Atomic Patch Operations
- 7. Returning Updated Resource
- 8. Handling Patch Conflicts
- 9. Documenting Patchable Fields
- 10. Using PUT for Full Replacement vs PATCH
- 1. Creating Multiple Resources
- Example: Batch Create
- 2. Updating Multiple Resources
- 3. Deleting Multiple Resources
- 4. Using Batch Endpoints
- 5. Implementing Partial Success Handling
- 6. Returning Batch Results
- Example: Batch Result with Per-Item Status
- 7. Implementing Transaction Support
- 8. Setting Batch Size Limits
- 9. Handling Batch Validation Errors
- 10. Documenting Batch Operation Behavior
- 1. Designing Bulk Import Endpoints
- 2. Designing Bulk Export Endpoints
- 3. Implementing CSV/JSON Import
- 4. Implementing CSV/JSON Export
- 5. Handling Large Dataset Processing
- 6. Implementing Background Processing
- Example: Async Job Pattern
- 7. Providing Progress Indicators
- 8. Validating Bulk Data Format
- 9. Handling Partial Import Failures
- 10. Implementing Data Streaming
- 1. Using Cache-Control Header
- 2. Implementing ETag-Based Caching
- ETag Validation Flow
- 3. Implementing Last-Modified Header
- 4. Using If-None-Match Conditional Requests
- 5. Using If-Modified-Since Conditional Requests
- 6. Returning 304 Not Modified Responses
- 7. Implementing Private vs Public Caching
- 8. Using Vary Header
- 9. Implementing Cache Invalidation Strategies
- 10. Caching at Different Layers
- 11. Handling No-Store Directive
- 12. Understanding Cache-Control Directives
- 1. Using Optimistic Locking
- 2. Using If-Match Header
- 3. Using If-Unmodified-Since Header
- 4. Handling Concurrent Update Conflicts
- 5. Implementing Version Numbers
- Example: Version-Based Update
- 6. Using Last-Modified Timestamps
- 7. Implementing Pessimistic Locking
- 8. Handling Lock Expiration
- 9. Providing Conflict Resolution Strategies
- Example: Conflict Response with Diff
- 10. Documenting Concurrency Behavior
- 1. Understanding Idempotent Operations
- 2. Implementing Idempotent POST Requests
- 3. Using Idempotency-Key Header
- Example: Idempotency-Key
- 4. Storing Idempotency Keys
- 5. Handling Duplicate Requests
- 6. Returning Cached Responses
- 7. Implementing Idempotency for Payments
- 8. Handling Idempotency Key Expiration
- 9. Validating Idempotency Key Format
- 10. Documenting Idempotency Behavior
- 1. Using Token Bucket Algorithm
- 2. Using Fixed Window Algorithm
- 3. Using Sliding Window Algorithm
- 4. Implementing Per-User Rate Limits
- 5. Implementing Per-IP Rate Limits
- 6. Using X-RateLimit Headers
- 7. Returning 429 Status Code
- Example: Rate Limit Exceeded
- 8. Implementing Retry-After Header
- 9. Providing Rate Limit Information
- 10. Implementing Tiered Rate Limits
- 11. Handling Burst Traffic
- 1. Setting Server-Side Timeout Limits
- 2. Implementing Client Timeout Configuration
- 3. Handling Timeout Errors
- 4. Implementing Request Cancellation
- 5. Using Timeout Headers
- 6. Implementing Graceful Timeout Handling
- 7. Setting Database Query Timeouts
- 8. Handling Slow Third-Party Services
- 9. Implementing Circuit Breaker for Timeouts
- 10. Logging Timeout Events
- 1. Returning 202 Accepted
- Example: 202 with Operation Location
- 2. Providing Operation Status Endpoint
- 3. Using Polling for Status Updates
- 4. Implementing Callback URLs
- Example: Webhook Callback Registration
- 5. Using WebSockets for Real-Time Updates
- 6. Using Server-Sent Events
- Example: SSE Stream
- 7. Implementing Operation Cancellation
- 8. Providing Progress Information
- 9. Handling Operation Expiration
- 10. Returning Final Result Location
- 1. Designing Webhook Payload Structure
- Example: Webhook Payload
- 2. Implementing Webhook Registration
- Example: Register Webhook
- 3. Implementing Event Filtering
- 4. Securing Webhooks
- Example: HMAC Verification (Java)
- 5. Implementing Retry Logic
- 6. Using Exponential Backoff
- 7. Implementing Webhook Timeouts
- 8. Providing Webhook Logs
- 9. Implementing Webhook Deactivation
- 10. Testing Webhooks
- 11. Documenting Webhook Events
- 1. Understanding Hypermedia as Engine of Application State
- 2. Including Resource Links
- Example: Inline Links
- 3. Using HAL Format
- Example: HAL Response
- 4. Using JSON:API Specification
- 5. Providing Navigation Links
- 6. Including Action Links
- 7. Using Link Relations
- 8. Implementing Resource Discovery
- Example: API Root Document
- 9. Providing Links in Headers
- 10. Balancing HATEOAS vs Simplicity
- 1. Using Multipart Form Data
- 2. Implementing Chunked Uploads
- Example: Tus Resumable Upload Protocol
- 3. Validating File Types
- 4. Implementing File Size Limits
- 5. Generating Presigned URLs
- Example: Presigned URL Flow
- 6. Handling Upload Progress Tracking
- 7. Implementing Direct-to-Storage Uploads
- 8. Validating File Content
- 9. Returning Upload Status
- 10. Handling Upload Errors
- 1. Using Content-Disposition Header
- 2. Implementing Streaming Downloads
- 3. Using Range Requests
- Example: Range Request
- 4. Implementing Resume Support
- 5. Setting Content-Type Header
- 6. Generating Temporary Download URLs
- 7. Implementing Download Authorization
- 8. Handling Download Errors
- 9. Providing File Metadata
- 10. Implementing ZIP Archives
- 1. Understanding Cross-Origin Requests
- 2. Configuring Access-Control-Allow-Origin
- 3. Configuring Access-Control-Allow-Methods
- 4. Configuring Access-Control-Allow-Headers
- 5. Handling Preflight Requests
- CORS Preflight Flow
- 6. Using Access-Control-Max-Age
- 7. Implementing Access-Control-Allow-Credentials
- 8. Handling Simple vs Preflighted Requests
- 9. Configuring CORS for Multiple Origins
- Example: Validated Origin Echo
- 10. Debugging CORS Issues
- 1. Using URI Versioning
- 2. Using Header Versioning
- 3. Using Query Parameter Versioning
- 4. Using Content Negotiation Versioning
- Example: Vendor Media Type Versioning
- 5. Implementing Backward Compatibility
- 6. Handling Deprecated Versions
- 7. Communicating Version Changes
- 8. Managing Multiple Versions Simultaneously
- 9. Using Semantic Versioning
- 10. Documenting Version Differences
- 1. Announcing Deprecation
- 2. Using Deprecation Header
- 3. Using Sunset Header
- Example: Deprecation + Sunset
- 4. Providing Migration Guides
- 5. Maintaining Deprecated Endpoints
- 6. Returning Warning Headers
- 7. Documenting Deprecation Timeline
- 8. Implementing Feature Flags
- 9. Notifying API Consumers
- 10. Removing Deprecated Endpoints
- 1. Using HTTPS/TLS
- 2. Validating Input Data
- 3. Implementing CSRF Protection
- 4. Using Secure Headers
- 5. Implementing API Key Rotation
- 6. Avoiding Sensitive Data in URLs
- 7. Implementing IP Whitelisting
- 8. Using Security Headers
- 9. Implementing Request Signing
- Example: HMAC Request Signing
- 10. Logging Security Events
- 11. Implementing DDoS Protection
- 12. Conducting Security Audits
- 1. Using gzip Compression
- 2. Using Brotli Compression
- 3. Using deflate Compression
- 4. Configuring Compression Thresholds
- 5. Setting Content-Encoding Header
- 6. Handling Compressed Request Bodies
- 7. Implementing Conditional Compression
- 8. Optimizing Compression Levels
- 9. Measuring Compression Performance
- 10. Handling Compression Errors
- 1. Implementing Database Indexing
- 2. Using Connection Pooling
- 3. Using CDN for Static Resources
- 4. Implementing API Response Caching
- 5. Using Lazy Loading
- 6. Implementing Field Selection
- 7. Using Asynchronous Processing
- 8. Implementing Database Query Optimization
- 9. Monitoring Performance Metrics
- 10. Implementing Load Balancing
- 11. Using HTTP/2
- 12. Implementing Connection Keep-Alive
- 1. Using Accept-Language Header
- 2. Providing Localized Error Messages
- Example: Localized Error
- 3. Implementing Currency Formatting
- 4. Implementing Date/Time Formatting
- 5. Using ISO 639 Language Codes
- 6. Implementing Number Formatting
- 7. Handling Right-to-Left Languages
- 8. Providing Translated Resource Content
- 9. Using Content-Language Header
- 10. Documenting Supported Locales
- 1. Writing Unit Tests
- 2. Writing Integration Tests
- Example: Spring MockMvc Integration Test
- 3. Testing Authentication and Authorization
- 4. Testing Error Handling
- 5. Testing Rate Limiting Behavior
- Example: Rate Limit Test
- 6. Testing Pagination and Filtering
- 7. Using API Testing Tools
- 8. Implementing Contract Testing
- 9. Testing Idempotency Behavior
- 10. Load Testing
- 11. Testing CORS Configuration
- 12. Implementing Automated API Tests
- 1. Logging Request and Response Details
- 2. Using Correlation IDs
- Example: Correlation ID Propagation
- 3. Monitoring Response Times
- 4. Monitoring Error Rates
- 5. Implementing Health Check Endpoints
- Example: Readiness Response
- 6. Monitoring API Usage Patterns
- 7. Using Application Performance Monitoring
- 8. Implementing Structured Logging
- Example: JSON Log Entry
- 9. Setting Up Alerts
- 10. Logging Security Events
- 11. Implementing Log Retention Policies
- 12. Using Centralized Logging
- 1. Using OpenAPI Specification
- 2. Documenting Endpoints
- Example: OpenAPI Path
- 3. Documenting Request Parameters
- 4. Documenting Request and Response Schemas
- Example: Schema Component
- 5. Providing Code Examples
- 6. Documenting Authentication
- Example: Security Scheme
- 7. Documenting Error Responses
- 8. Creating Interactive API Documentation
- 9. Documenting Rate Limits
- 10. Providing Getting Started Guides
- 11. Documenting Versioning
- 12. Maintaining Documentation Up-to-Date
- 1. Understanding API Gateway Role
- 2. Implementing Request Routing
- 3. Implementing Rate Limiting at Gateway
- 4. Implementing Authentication at Gateway
- 5. Implementing Request Transformation
- 6. Implementing Load Balancing
- 7. Implementing Circuit Breaker Pattern
- 8. Implementing Request Aggregation
- 9. Caching at API Gateway
- 10. Monitoring API Gateway
- 11. Popular API Gateway Tools
- 1. Comparing REST and GraphQL
- 2. Handling Over-fetching with REST
- 3. Handling Under-fetching with REST
- 4. Choosing REST for Simple CRUD
- 5. Choosing GraphQL for Complex Data
- 6. Implementing GraphQL on Top of REST
- 7. Comparing Versioning Strategies
- 8. Comparing Caching Approaches
- 9. Choosing the Right Approach
- Decision Heuristics