Using psql Meta-Commands

psql -d shop -f schema.sql
\i /path/to/script.sql        -- inside psql
\ir relative.sql              -- relative to current script

\l
\l+      -- with size, tablespace, description

\dt
\dt+ public.*
\dtS    -- include system tables

\dn
\dn+

\dv
\dm     -- materialized views

\df
\df+ schema.fn*

\d orders
\d+ orders     -- columns, indexes, constraints, triggers, storage

\dp orders
\z  orders     -- alias of \dp
\ddp           -- default privileges

\di
\di+ public.*

\ds

\x          -- toggle
\x auto     -- auto for wide rows

\pset format aligned|unaligned|csv|json|html|wrapped
\pset border 2
\pset null '(null)'

\timing on

\e                 -- edit query buffer in $EDITOR
\ef function_name  -- edit function definition
\ev view_name      -- edit view definition

\set tid 42
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = :tid;
\set quoted '\'foo\''
\echo :tid