Accessibility Roadmap
18 sections • 244 topics
- 1. Semantic HTML5 Elements (nav, main, article, section)
- Example: Semantic page structure with landmarks
- 2. ARIA Landmark Roles (role="navigation", "main", "banner")
- Example: Multiple navigation landmarks with labels
- 3. Heading Hierarchy (h1-h6) Best Practices
- Example: Proper heading hierarchy
- ❌ Incorrect Hierarchy
- ✅ Correct Hierarchy
- 4. Document Language (lang attribute) and Direction
- Example: Language and direction declarations
- 5. Page Titles and Meta Information
- Example: Accessible HTML head structure
- Example: Accessible viewport configuration
- Section 1 Key Takeaways
- 1. ARIA Roles (button, link, alert, dialog, menu)
- Example: Common ARIA role implementations
- 2. ARIA States and Properties (aria-expanded, aria-hidden, aria-label)
- Example: ARIA states and properties in action
- 3. ARIA Live Regions (aria-live, aria-atomic, aria-relevant)
- Example: Live region implementations
- 4. ARIA Labeling (aria-label, aria-labelledby, aria-describedby)
- Example: Various labeling techniques
- Label Precedence Order
- 5. ARIA Best Practices and Patterns
- Example: Good vs bad ARIA usage
- 6. ARIA Landmarks (role="region", "complementary")
- Example: Complete landmark structure
- Section 2 Key Takeaways
- 1. Tab Order and Tabindex (tabindex="0", "-1")
- Example: Making a custom button focusable
- 2. Focus Indicators (:focus, :focus-visible) and Styling
- Example: Modern focus indicator patterns
- 3. Skip Links (Skip to Main Content) Implementation
- Example: Complete skip link implementation
- 4. Keyboard Event Handling (keydown, keyup, keypress)
- Example: Comprehensive keyboard handler for custom button
- 5. Focus Trap Patterns (Modal Dialogs)
- Example: Complete focus trap implementation for modal
- 6. Custom Focus Management APIs
- Example: Advanced focus management patterns
- Keyboard Navigation Quick Reference
- 1. Input Labels (label, for attribute) and Descriptions
- Example: Comprehensive label patterns
- 2. Fieldsets and Form Grouping (fieldset, legend)
- Example: Fieldset patterns for different form sections
- 3. Error Handling and Validation Messages (aria-invalid, aria-errormessage)
- Example: Comprehensive error handling implementation
- 4. Required Field Indicators (required, aria-required)
- Example: Required field patterns
- 5. Custom Form Controls (Accessible Checkboxes, Radio Buttons)
- Example: Custom checkbox implementation
- Example: Custom toggle switch
- 6. Form Submission Feedback
- Example: Complete form submission feedback
- Form Accessibility Quick Reference
- 1. Button States (aria-pressed, disabled) and Properties
- Example: Button patterns and states
- 2. Modal and Dialog Implementation (role="dialog", aria-modal)
- Example: Complete modal dialog implementation
- 3. Dropdown and Combobox Patterns (role="combobox", aria-controls)
- Example: Accessible dropdown menu
- Example: Autocomplete combobox with filtering
- 4. Tab Panel Components (role="tablist", "tab", "tabpanel")
- Example: Complete tab panel implementation
- 5. Accordion and Disclosure Widgets (aria-expanded)
- Example: Native details/summary (preferred)
- Example: Custom accordion with ARIA
- 6. Custom Widget Development
- Example: Custom widget checklist and template
- Interactive Components Quick Reference
- 1. Alternative Text (alt attribute) Best Practices
- Example: Alt text patterns for different scenarios
- 2. Video Captions (track, kind="captions") and Transcripts
- Example: Video with captions and transcript
- Example: WebVTT caption file format
- 3. Audio Descriptions (kind="descriptions") Implementation
- Example: Video with audio descriptions
- Example: Audio description VTT file
- 4. Complex Images and Data Visualization (longdesc, aria-describedby)
- Example: Chart with multiple accessibility layers
- Example: Accessible SVG chart with ARIA
- 5. Icon and SVG Accessibility (aria-hidden, role="img")
- Example: Icon accessibility patterns
- 6. Multimedia Controls and Interfaces
- Example: Custom accessible video player
- Media and Content Accessibility Quick Reference
- 1. Color Contrast Ratio (WCAG AA 4.5:1, AAA 7:1) Calculations
- Example: Color contrast calculations and fixes
- Example: JavaScript contrast checker
- 2. Color Blind Accessibility (Red-Green, Blue-Yellow) Patterns
- Example: Color blind friendly patterns
- Example: Color blind friendly color palettes
- 3. High Contrast Mode (Windows, prefers-contrast) Support
- Example: High contrast mode support
- 4. Visual Indicators Beyond Color
- Example: Multi-sensory status indicators
- 5. CSS Custom Properties (--color-primary) for Theming
- Example: Accessible theming system with CSS custom properties
- Color and Visual Design Quick Reference
- 1. Font Size (rem, em) and Zoom Support
- Example: Zoom and resize support
- 2. Line Height (line-height: 1.5) and Spacing Guidelines
- Example: Accessible spacing implementation
- 3. Text Scaling and Responsive Typography
- Example: Responsive typography strategies
- Example: Accessible responsive typography system
- 4. Reading Flow and Text Layout
- Example: Optimal reading flow layout
- 5. Font Selection (Dyslexia-Friendly Fonts) for Accessibility
- Example: Accessible font selection
- Typography and Readability Quick Reference
- 1. Touch Target Size (minimum 44x44px) and Spacing
- Example: Accessible touch target with proper sizing
- 2. Mobile Screen Reader (VoiceOver, TalkBack) Support
- Example: Mobile-optimized ARIA labels and hints
- 3. Gesture Accessibility Alternatives
- Example: Accessible drag-and-drop with alternatives
- 4. Orientation and Zoom Handling
- Example: Proper viewport and orientation CSS
- 5. Mobile Focus Management
- Example: Mobile keyboard and focus management
- 6. Voice Control (Voice Access, Voice Control) Integration
- Example: Voice control accessible button labeling
- Mobile and Touch Accessibility Quick Reference
- 1. prefers-reduced-motion (animation, transition) Implementation
- Example: Comprehensive prefers-reduced-motion implementation
- 2. prefers-color-scheme (dark mode, light mode) Support
- Example: Dark mode with CSS custom properties
- 3. prefers-contrast (high, low) Handling
- Example: Responsive contrast adjustments
- 4. CSS Container Queries (@container) for Accessibility
- Example: Accessible container queries
- 5. CSS Focus-visible (:focus-visible) Selectors
- Example: Comprehensive focus-visible implementation
- 6. Scroll Behavior (scroll-behavior: smooth) and Animations
- Example: Accessible scroll behavior
- Modern CSS Accessibility Quick Reference
- 1. DOM Manipulation (setAttribute, removeAttribute) for Screen Readers
- Example: Accessible DOM manipulation patterns
- 2. Event Handling (addEventListener) and Accessibility
- Example: Accessible event handling
- 3. Dynamic Content Announcements (aria-live)
- Example: Dynamic content announcement patterns
- Example: JavaScript announcement utilities
- 4. Focus Management in SPAs (Single Page Applications)
- Example: SPA focus management
- 5. Accessibility Object Model (AOM)
- Example: Using ARIA reflection and computed properties
- 6. Web Components Accessibility (Custom Elements)
- Example: Accessible web component patterns
- JavaScript Accessibility APIs Quick Reference
- 1. Automated Testing (axe, Lighthouse, WAVE) Integration
- Example: Automated testing setup
- 2. Screen Reader Testing (NVDA, JAWS, VoiceOver) Procedures
- Example: Screen reader testing checklist
- 3. Keyboard Navigation Testing
- Example: Keyboard testing automation
- 4. Color Contrast Validation Tools
- Example: Contrast ratio requirements and calculations
- 5. Manual Testing Checklists
- Example: Comprehensive testing checklist
- 6. Accessibility Linting (eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y) and CI/CD
- Example: CI/CD accessibility pipeline
- Testing and Validation Quick Reference
- 1. Lazy Loading (loading="lazy") Accessible Implementation
- Example: Accessible lazy loading patterns
- 2. Progressive Enhancement Strategies
- Example: Progressive enhancement patterns
- 3. Critical Path and Assistive Technologies
- Example: Critical path optimization for accessibility
- 4. Bundle Optimization for A11y Libraries
- Example: Bundle optimization strategies
- 5. Runtime Performance Considerations
- Example: Runtime performance optimization
- Performance and Accessibility Quick Reference
- 1. React Accessibility Patterns (JSX, Fragments)
- Example: React accessibility patterns
- 2. Vue.js Accessibility Implementation
- Example: Vue.js accessibility patterns
- 3. Angular A11y Module (@angular/cdk/a11y) Usage
- Example: Angular CDK accessibility features
- 4. Svelte Accessibility Features
- Example: Svelte accessibility patterns
- 5. Web Components and Shadow DOM Accessibility
- Example: Accessible web components
- Framework-Specific Accessibility Quick Reference
- 1. Complex Widget Patterns (Tree Grid, Menu Bar)
- Example: Accessible Menubar Implementation
- Example: Multi-thumb Slider Pattern
- 2. Virtual Focus Management
- Example: Active Descendant Pattern (Listbox)
- Example: Focus Trap for Modal Dialog
- 3. Multi-Select Components (aria-multiselectable)
- Example: Multi-select Listbox with Range Selection
- Example: Tag Input Component
- 4. Data Grid Implementation (role="grid", "gridcell")
- Example: Accessible Data Grid with Sorting and Navigation
- Example: Editable Grid Cell Pattern
- 5. Tree View (role="tree", "treeitem") and Hierarchical Data
- Example: File System Tree View
- 6. Custom Live Region Strategies
- Example: Debounced Live Region for Search Results
- Example: Custom Notification Queue System
- Example: Progressive Disclosure for Batch Operations
- Advanced ARIA Techniques Summary
- 1. Web Speech API (SpeechSynthesis, SpeechRecognition) Accessibility
- Example: Accessible Speech Recognition Implementation
- Example: Accessible Text-to-Speech with Controls
- 2. Geolocation API and Privacy
- Example: Accessible Geolocation with Clear Permissions
- 3. File API Accessibility
- Example: Accessible File Upload with Drag-and-Drop
- Example: Accessible Upload Progress Indicator
- 4. WebRTC Accessibility Considerations
- Example: Accessible Video Call Controls
- 5. Service Worker and Offline Access
- Example: Accessible Offline Status Notification
- Example: Accessible Background Sync with Progress
- Browser APIs and Modern Features Summary
- 1. Browser DevTools (Chrome, Firefox) for Accessibility
- Example: Using Chrome DevTools Accessibility Panel
- Example: Firefox Accessibility Inspector Features
- 2. Screen Reader Debug Techniques
- Example: NVDA Testing Workflow
- Example: VoiceOver Testing Workflow
- 3. Common Accessibility Issues and Fixes
- Example: Quick Fixes Cheat Sheet
- 4. ARIA Implementation Debugging
- Example: Debugging ARIA with DevTools
- Example: Common ARIA Mistakes and Fixes
- 5. Cross-Browser Compatibility Testing
- Example: Browser Compatibility Testing Checklist
- Example: Known Browser Differences to Test
- Debugging and Troubleshooting Summary
- 1. WCAG 2.2 AA Success Criteria (Perceivable, Operable, Understandable)
- 2. Section 508 Requirements (U.S. Federal Accessibility)
- 3. ADA Compliance (Americans with Disabilities Act) Essentials
- Example: ADA Compliance Checklist
- 4. European EN 301 549 Standards
- Example: EN 301 549 Compliance Statement Template
- 5. Accessibility Documentation and Reporting
- Example: VPAT/ACR Structure (Simplified)
- Example: Accessibility Audit Report Template
- Legal Compliance Quick Reference Summary