CSS Roadmap
21 sections • 408 topics
- 1. CSS Syntax Fundamentals and Structure
- Example: Complete CSS rule structure
- 2. Basic Selectors (element, class, id, universal)
- Example: Basic selector usage
- 3. Advanced Selector Patterns and Combinators
- Example: Combinator usage patterns
- 4. Attribute Selectors and Values
- Example: Attribute selector patterns
- 5. Pseudo-classes and Pseudo-elements (:hover, :focus, ::before, ::after)
- Common Pseudo-classes
- Structural Pseudo-classes
- Example: Pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements
- 6. Specificity Rules and Cascade Resolution
- Example: Specificity calculation and cascade order
- Cascade Order (Priority from highest to lowest)
- 7. CSS4 Selector Features (:is, :where, :has)
- Example: :is() selector simplification
- Example: :where() for zero specificity
- Example: :has() parent/relational selector
- Example: :not() negation selector
- Browser Support
- Use Cases
- 1. CSS Length Units (px, em, rem, vw, vh)
- Example: Length unit comparisons
- 2. CSS Color Values (hex, rgb, rgba, hsl, hwb, lab, lch)
- Example: Color format usage
- 3. CSS Custom Properties (CSS Variables) and calc() Function
- Example: CSS Custom Properties (Variables)
- Example: calc() function usage
- 4. CSS Functions (min, max, clamp, round, mod, rem)
- Example: min(), max(), clamp() for responsive design
- Example: New math functions (round, mod, rem)
- 5. Container Query Units (cqw, cqh, cqi, cqb)
- Example: Container query units setup
- 6. CSS4 Math Functions and Trigonometry
- Example: Trigonometric functions for circular layouts
- Example: Power and logarithmic functions
- 7. CSS Typed OM and Houdini Properties
- Example: @property registration for animations
- Example: Complex @property definitions
- Value & Unit Best Practices
- 1. Content, Padding, Border, Margin Model
- Example: Box model layers
- 2. Box-sizing Property (border-box vs content-box)
- Example: box-sizing comparison
- 3. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sizing (width, height)
- Example: Intrinsic sizing keywords
- Example: Practical intrinsic sizing patterns
- 4. Aspect-ratio Property and Constraints
- Example: aspect-ratio usage
- Example: Replacing padding-top hack
- 5. Object-fit and Object-position for Media
- Example: object-fit values comparison
- Example: object-position for focal points
- 6. Overflow Controls (overflow: visible, hidden, scroll, auto)
- Example: Overflow behaviors
- Example: Text overflow ellipsis
- Example: Scroll containers and behavior
- Box Model Best Practices
- 1. Flex Container Properties (display: flex)
- Example: Basic flex container setup
- 2. Flex Item Properties (flex-grow, flex-shrink, flex-basis)
- Example: Flex item properties
- 3. Flex Direction and Wrap (flex-direction, flex-wrap)
- flex-direction Values
- flex-wrap Values
- Example: Direction and wrapping
- 4. Flexbox Alignment (justify-content, align-items)
- justify-content (Main Axis)
- align-items (Cross Axis)
- align-content (Multi-line)
- Example: Alignment patterns
- 5. Flex Basis, Grow, and Shrink Calculations
- Example: flex-basis vs width
- Example: flex-grow calculation
- Example: flex-shrink calculation
- 6. Common Flexbox Patterns and Use Cases
- Example: Navigation bar
- Example: Card layout with equal heights
- Example: Holy Grail layout (header, 3 columns, footer)
- Example: Media object pattern
- Example: Sticky footer (pushes footer to bottom)
- Example: Responsive grid alternative
- Example: Centering techniques
- Flexbox Best Practices
- 1. Grid Container Properties (display: grid)
- Example: Basic grid setup
- Example: Track sizing functions
- 2. Grid Item Placement and Spanning (grid-column, grid-row)
- Example: Item placement with line numbers
- Example: Spanning and negative indices
- 3. Grid Template Areas (grid-template-areas) and Named Lines
- Example: Grid template areas
- Example: Named grid lines
- 4. Implicit Grid Behavior and Auto-placement
- Example: Auto-placement behavior
- Example: Implicit vs explicit tracks
- 5. Subgrid Implementation and Use Cases
- Example: Subgrid basics
- Example: Subgrid for consistent alignment
- 6. CSS Grid vs Flexbox - When to Use Which
- Example: When to combine both
- Grid Best Practices
- 1. CSS Position Property (static, relative, absolute, fixed, sticky)
- Example: Position values comparison
- Example: Practical positioning patterns
- 2. Z-index and Stacking Context
- Example: Stacking context basics
- Example: Debugging stacking issues
- 3. Sticky Positioning (position: sticky) Patterns
- Example: Sticky header with shadow on scroll
- Example: Sticky table headers and columns
- Example: Basic anchor positioning
- Example: Position fallback for viewport boundaries
- 5. Scroll-driven Positioning Techniques
- Example: Scroll-driven animations
- Example: Scroll snap positioning
- Example: Position fixed with scroll context
- Positioning Best Practices
- 1. CSS Font Properties (font-family, font-size, font-weight)
- Example: Font family and @font-face
- Example: Font properties usage
- 2. Font Display Strategies (font-display) and Performance
- Example: Font display strategies
- Example: Optimize font loading
- 3. Variable Fonts and Font Variations
- Example: Variable font usage
- Example: Advanced variable font techniques
- 4. Text Layout and Spacing (line-height, letter-spacing)
- Example: Text spacing and layout
- Example: White-space control
- 5. Advanced Typography (text-wrap, text-spacing)
- Example: Text-wrap balance and pretty
- Example: Advanced text control
- 6. International Typography Support
- Example: Writing modes and text orientation
- Example: RTL and bidirectional text
- Example: Language-specific typography
- Typography Best Practices
- 1. Modern Color Spaces and Wide Gamut (P3, Rec2020)
- Example: Modern color syntax
- Example: Color space comparison
- 2. CSS Color Functions (rgb, hsl, color-mix)
- Example: color-mix() function
- Example: Relative colors and color manipulation
- Example: light-dark() and currentColor
- 3. CSS Background Properties and Multiple Backgrounds
- Example: Multiple backgrounds
- Example: Background clipping and effects
- 4. CSS Gradients (linear-gradient, radial-gradient, conic-gradient)
- Example: Linear gradients
- Example: Radial and conic gradients
- Example: Repeating gradients and patterns
- 5. CSS Filters and Backdrop Filters (filter, backdrop-filter)
- Example: CSS filters
- Example: Backdrop filters (frosted glass effect)
- 6. CSS Blend Modes (mix-blend-mode) and Compositing
- Example: mix-blend-mode (element with background)
- Example: background-blend-mode (multiple backgrounds)
- Example: Isolation and stacking context
- Colors & Backgrounds Best Practices
- 1. CSS Border Properties (border, border-radius) and Border Images
- Example: Border basics and styles
- Example: Border images and gradients
- 2. Border Radius (border-radius) and Complex Shapes
- Example: Border-radius variations
- Example: Complex organic shapes
- 3. CSS Box Shadow (box-shadow) and Drop Shadow (filter)
- Example: Box shadow variations
- Example: Advanced shadow effects
- 4. CSS Shapes (shape-outside) and Clip-path
- Example: Basic clip-path shapes
- Example: Advanced clip-path and text wrapping
- 5. CSS Masking (mask) and Advanced Clipping
- Example: Image and gradient masks
- Example: Advanced masking techniques
- Example: Practical masking use cases
- Borders & Shapes Best Practices
- 1. CSS 2D Transform Functions (translate, rotate, scale, skew)
- Example: 2D transform basics
- Example: Combining transforms
- 2. CSS 3D Transform Properties (rotateX, rotateY, rotateZ)
- Example: 3D transforms
- Example: 3D effects and interactions
- 3. Transform Origin and Perspective (transform-origin, perspective)
- Example: Transform-origin variations
- Example: Perspective effects
- 4. CSS 3D Positioning and Camera
- Example: 3D scene setup
- Example: Advanced 3D layouts
- Example: Interactive 3D camera
- 5. Hardware Acceleration (transform: translateZ) Optimization
- Example: Hardware acceleration techniques
- Example: Performance best practices
- Transform & 3D Best Practices
- 1. CSS Transition Properties (transition, transition-duration)
- Example: Basic transitions
- Example: Advanced transition patterns
- 2. CSS Animation (@keyframes) and Animation Syntax
- Example: Basic keyframe animations
- Example: Advanced animation patterns
- 3. Animation Timing Functions (ease, ease-in, ease-out)
- Example: Custom easing functions
- Example: Easing comparison and best practices
- 4. Scroll-triggered Animations
- Example: Scroll-driven animations (modern CSS)
- Example: Scroll animations with Intersection Observer (fallback)
- 5. View Transition API Integration
- Example: View Transition API basics
- Example: Advanced View Transition patterns
- 6. Performance-optimized Animations (will-change)
- Example: Performance-optimized animations
- Example: Performance best practices
- Animation & Transition Best Practices
- 1. Media Query Syntax (@media) and Features
- Example: Basic media query patterns
- Example: User interaction and device queries
- 2. Responsive Units (vw, vh, rem, em) and Viewport
- Example: Viewport units for responsive layouts
- Example: Small/Large/Dynamic viewport units (mobile)
- 3. Container Queries Implementation
- Example: Container queries for component-based responsive design
- Example: Container query units for intrinsic responsive design
- 4. Responsive Typography (clamp, min, max)
- Example: Fluid typography with clamp()
- Example: Responsive layout with min/max/clamp
- Example: Advanced fluid typography calculation
- 5. Responsive Images and Picture Element
- Example: Responsive images with srcset and sizes
- Example: Picture element for art direction
- Example: CSS for responsive images
- 6. Mobile-first vs Desktop-first Strategies
- Example: Mobile-first approach (recommended)
- Example: Desktop-first approach
- Example: Hybrid approach with container queries
- Example: Common responsive breakpoints
- Responsive Design Best Practices
- 1. Logical vs Physical Properties (margin-inline vs margin-left)
- Example: Physical vs logical properties comparison
- Example: Migration from physical to logical
- 2. Block and Inline Directions (block-start, inline-end)
- Example: Understanding block and inline axes
- Example: Flexbox and Grid with logical properties
- 3. Writing Modes (writing-mode) and Text Direction (direction)
- Example: Writing modes for different scripts
- Example: Practical writing mode layouts
- 4. International Layout Support
- Example: Multi-language support with logical properties
- Example: Language-specific styling
- Example: Complete RTL/LTR adaptive layout
- 5. Logical Sizing and Spacing Properties
- Example: Logical sizing for responsive components
- Example: Logical shorthand properties
- Example: Complete layout with logical properties
- Logical Properties Best Practices
- 1. CSS Variable Declaration (--custom-property) and Usage (var())
- Example: Basic CSS variable declaration and usage
- Example: Component-scoped variables
- 2. Dynamic Theming Patterns with CSS Variables
- Example: Multi-theme system with data attributes
- Example: Dynamic color palette generation
- Example: Context-based theming
- 3. CSS Variable Scope and Inheritance
- Example: Variable scope and inheritance
- Example: Inheritance patterns and overrides
- Example: JavaScript manipulation of variables
- 4. CSS Color Schemes (prefers-color-scheme) - Light/Dark Mode
- Example: Complete light/dark mode implementation
- Example: Advanced dark mode patterns
- Example: Hybrid approach (system + manual)
- 5. CSS Environment Variables (env())
- Example: Safe area insets for mobile devices
- Example: PWA titlebar area variables
- Example: Custom environment variable fallback patterns
- CSS Custom Properties & Theming Best Practices
- 1. CSS Naming Conventions (BEM, OOCSS, SMACSS)
- Example: BEM naming convention
- Example: OOCSS (Object Oriented CSS)
- Example: SMACSS categories
- 2. CSS-in-JS vs CSS Modules vs Utility-first (Tailwind)
- Example: CSS-in-JS (styled-components style)
- Example: CSS Modules
- Example: Utility-first (Tailwind CSS style)
- Example: Comparison of approaches
- 3. Component-scoped CSS Strategies
- Example: Shadow DOM component scoping
- Example: CSS @scope (modern native scoping)
- Example: Vue scoped styles
- Example: Cascade layers for component organization
- 4. CSS Reset vs Normalize vs Modern-normalize
- Example: CSS Reset (Meyer style)
- Example: Modern-normalize (modern browsers)
- Example: Custom minimal reset (modern approach)
- Example: Comparison and decision guide
- 5. Critical CSS and Above-fold Optimization
- Example: Critical CSS inline pattern
- Example: Async CSS loading patterns
- Example: Content-visibility optimization
- Example: Build-time optimization strategies
- CSS Architecture Best Practices
- 1. CSS Selector Performance and Efficiency
- Example: Selector efficiency comparison
- Example: Selector optimization patterns
- 2. CSS Containment (contain property) for Performance
- Example: CSS containment implementation
- Example: Content-visibility with intersection observer
- 3. will-change Property Optimization
- Example: Correct will-change usage
- Example: will-change lifecycle management
- 4. CSS Loading Strategies (preload, prefetch)
- Example: CSS loading strategies
- Example: Route-based code splitting
- 5. Reducing Layout Thrashing and Reflows
- Example: Avoid layout thrashing
- Example: Layout optimization techniques
- 6. CSS Bundle Optimization Techniques
- Example: PurgeCSS configuration
- Example: Build optimization pipeline
- Example: Manual optimization techniques
- CSS Performance Best Practices
- 1. CSS Nesting Syntax and Implementation
- Example: Native CSS nesting
- Example: Advanced nesting patterns
- 2. CSS Cascade Layers (@layer)
- Example: Cascade layers basics
- Example: Nested and sub-layers
- Example: Practical layer architecture
- 3. CSS Scope (@scope) Rules
- Example: CSS @scope basics
- Example: Advanced @scope patterns
- 4. CSS Container Style Queries (@container style)
- Example: Container style queries
- Example: Practical style query patterns
- 5. CSS Houdini Worklets and Custom Functions
- Example: CSS Paint API (Houdini)
- Example: Animation Worklet
- 6. CSS @property Declarations
- Example: @property declarations
- Example: Advanced @property patterns
- Example: Practical @property use cases
- Modern CSS Features Best Practices
- 1. CSS Focus Management (:focus, :focus-visible)
- Example: Accessible focus indicators
- Example: Advanced focus patterns
- 2. Color Contrast and WCAG Compliance
- Example: WCAG compliant color schemes
- Example: Dynamic contrast adjustment
- 3. prefers-reduced-motion Media Query Implementation
- Example: Reduced motion patterns
- Example: Comprehensive motion reduction
- 4. prefers-color-scheme (Dark Mode) and System Themes
- Example: System theme implementation
- Example: Advanced theming with user override
- 5. prefers-contrast and High Contrast Mode
- Example: High contrast mode support
- Example: Comprehensive high contrast implementation
- 6. Accessible Typography and Reading Flow
- Example: Accessible typography
- Example: Responsive and accessible typography
- CSS Accessibility Best Practices
- 1. Browser DevTools CSS Features (Chrome, Firefox)
- Example: Chrome DevTools Advanced Features
- 2. CSS Debugging Techniques and Strategies
- Example: Systematic Debugging Workflow
- Example: CSS Bugs and Solutions
- 3. CSS Linting (stylelint) and Code Quality Tools
- Example: Configuration (.stylelintrc.json)
- Example: PostCSS Configuration (postcss.config.js)
- Example: PurgeCSS Configuration
- 4. CSS Testing and Visual Regression
- Example: Configuration (backstop.json)
- Example: Playwright Visual Testing
- Example: CSS-Specific Test Scenarios
- 5. CSS Performance Profiling Tools
- Example: Chrome Performance Profiling Workflow
- Example: Performance Optimization Checklist
- Example: CSS Containment for Performance
- CSS Debugging and Development Best Practices
- 1. CSS Object Model (CSSOM) and DOM Manipulation
- Example: Manipulation Examples
- Example: CSS Typed OM (Houdini) API
- 2. CSS-in-JS (Styled Components, Emotion) Patterns
- Example: styled-components Pattern
- Example: Emotion CSS Prop Pattern
- Example: Vanilla Extract (Zero-runtime)
- 3. CSS Modules and PostCSS Integration
- Example: CSS Modules Implementation
- 4. Web Components and Shadow DOM Styling
- Example: Web Component with Shadow DOM Styling
- Example: Constructable Stylesheets (Reusable Styles)
- 5. Framework-specific CSS (React, Vue, Angular) Solutions
- Example: React CSS Patterns
- Example: Vue Scoped Styles
- Example: Angular ViewEncapsulation
- Example: Svelte Scoped Styles
- Framework CSS Solution Comparison:
- CSS Integration with JavaScript Best Practices
- 1. CSS Security Vulnerabilities and Prevention
- Example: CSS Injection Attack Examples
- 2. Content Security Policy (CSP) for CSS
- Example: Content Security Policy Configuration
- Example: Subresource Integrity (SRI) for Stylesheets
- 3. CSS Data Exfiltration Prevention
- Example: CSS Data Exfiltration Attacks and Defenses
- 4. Secure CSS Architecture Patterns
- Example: Secure CSS Architecture Examples
- Example: Security Checklist for CSS
- CSS Security and Best Practices Final Summary