High Level Design Roadmap
17 sections • 383 topics
- 1. Micro-Frontend Architecture (Module Federation, Webpack 5)
- Example: Module Federation Configuration
- 2. Component-Based Architecture (React, Vue, Angular)
- React Pattern
- Vue Pattern
- Angular Pattern
- 3. Jamstack Architecture (Static Site Generation, SSG)
- Example: Next.js Static Site Generation
- Jamstack Architecture Benefits
- 4. Island Architecture (Astro, Qwik - Partial Hydration)
- Example: Astro Islands Architecture
- Astro Directives
- Qwik Resumability
- 5. Server Components (React Server Components, Next.js 13+)
- Example: Server Components with Streaming
- 6. Edge-First Architecture (Edge Runtime, Vercel, Cloudflare)
- Example: Next.js Edge Middleware
- Edge vs Serverless
- Edge Use Cases
- 1. Redux Toolkit (RTK Query, createSlice, configureStore)
- Example: Redux Toolkit with RTK Query
- 2. Zustand (Lightweight State Management, React Hooks)
- Example: Zustand Store Implementation
- Zustand vs Redux
- 3. React Context API (useContext, Provider Pattern)
- Example: Optimized Context Pattern
- 4. MobX (Observable State Trees, Reactive Programming)
- Example: MobX Store with Computed Values
- 5. Data Fetching Libraries (SWR, Recoil, Apollo)
- SWR Example
- Recoil Example
- SWR vs Recoil Comparison
- 6. TanStack Query (React Query v4, Server State)
- Example: TanStack Query Complete Implementation
- Query States
- Cache Configuration
- 1. Unidirectional Data Flow (Flux, Redux Architecture)
- Example: Flux Pattern with Redux
- Flux Principles
- 2. Event-Driven Architecture (Pub/Sub, EventEmitter)
- Event Emitter Pattern
- RxJS Observable Pattern
- Example: Custom Events for Web Components
- 3. Real-time Communication (WebSocket, Socket.io)
- Example: WebSocket and Socket.IO Implementation
- WebSocket vs Socket.IO
- Best Practices
- 4. Server-Sent Events (SSE, Event Stream)
- Example: Server-Sent Events Implementation
- SSE vs WebSocket
- SSE Use Cases
- 5. GraphQL Subscriptions (Real-time Updates, Apollo)
- Example: GraphQL Subscription Implementation
- Example: React Component with Subscription
- GraphQL Subscription Benefits
- 6. Props Drilling Solutions (Context, Prop Composition)
- Problem: Prop Drilling
- Solution 1: Composition
- Example: Context API Solution
- Decision Tree
- Anti-Patterns to Avoid
- 1. React Router v6 (Nested Routes, useNavigate, Outlet)
- Example: React Router v6 Nested Routes
- 2. Next.js App Router (File-based Routing, Server Components)
- Example: Next.js App Router File Structure
- Special Files
- Navigation
- App Router Benefits
- 3. Vue Router (Composition API, useRouter, Navigation Guards)
- Example: Vue Router with Composition API
- Navigation Methods
- Route Object Properties
- 4. Route-based Code Splitting (Lazy Loading, React.lazy)
- Example: Route-based Code Splitting
- Bundle Strategies
- Performance Metrics
- 5. Dynamic Imports (import(), Webpack Magic Comments)
- Example: Dynamic Import Patterns
- Import Strategies
- Webpack Magic Comments
- 6. Navigation Guards (Auth Middleware, Route Protection)
- Vue Router Guards
- React Router Guards
- Example: Next.js Middleware
- Guard Best Practices
- 1. Code Splitting (Bundle Optimization, Dynamic Chunks)
- Example: Webpack Bundle Optimization
- Bundle Size Targets
- Analysis Tools
- 2. Tree Shaking (Dead Code Elimination, ES Modules)
- Example: Tree Shaking Configuration
- Tree Shaking Checklist
- Common Issues
- 3. CDN Distribution (CloudFront, Edge Caching, Asset Delivery)
- Example: CDN Configuration
- Cache Strategy
- CDN Features
- CDN Best Practices
- 4. Service Workers (PWA Caching, Offline-First Strategy)
- Example: Service Worker Caching Strategies
- Caching Decision Tree
- Service Worker Lifecycle
- 5. Build Tool Optimization (Webpack 5, Vite, esbuild)
- Webpack 5 Optimization
- Vite Configuration
- Build Speed Comparison
- Optimization Checklist
- When to Use Each Tool
- 6. Micro-Frontend Orchestration (Container App, Module Federation)
- Example: Micro-Frontend Architecture
- Communication Patterns
- Deployment Strategies
- Example: Error Handling & Fallbacks
- Micro-Frontend Best Practices
- 1. Core Web Vitals (LCP, CLS, FID, INP - Google Metrics)
- Example: Core Web Vitals Optimization
- Scoring Thresholds
- Measurement Tools
- 2. React Performance (memo, useMemo, useCallback, PureComponent)
- Example: React Performance Optimizations
- When to Optimize
- When NOT to Optimize
- 3. Virtual Scrolling (Windowing, react-window, react-virtualized)
- Example: Virtual Scrolling Implementation
- Performance Impact
- Library Comparison
- 4. Image Optimization (WebP, AVIF, Next/Image, Lazy Loading)
- Example: Image Optimization Techniques
- Image Optimization Checklist
- Size Comparison (1MB JPEG)
- Image Loading Strategy
- 5. Font Loading Strategies (font-display, FOIT, FOUT, FOFT)
- Example: Font Loading Optimization
- font-display Values
- Best Practices
- 6. Critical CSS (Above-fold, Inline Styles, CSS Extraction)
- Example: Critical CSS Implementation
- Critical CSS Tools
- CSS Loading Patterns
- Critical CSS Strategy
- 1. OWASP Frontend Top 10 (XSS, CSRF Prevention)
- Example: XSS and CSRF Prevention
- XSS Types
- Security Headers
- 2. Content Security Policy (CSP Headers, Nonce, Hash)
- Example: CSP Implementation
- CSP Levels
- Common CSP Issues
- 3. JWT Token Storage (HttpOnly Cookies, localStorage Security)
- Example: Secure JWT Token Handling
- Cookie Attributes
- Token Storage Comparison
- 4. Input Validation (Sanitization, DOMPurify, XSS Prevention)
- Example: Input Validation and Sanitization
- Validation Checklist
- Common Validation Rules
- 5. HTTPS TLS (SSL Certificates, Certificate Pinning)
- Example: HTTPS and TLS Configuration
- TLS Best Practices
- Certificate Authorities
- 6. Subresource Integrity (SRI Hashes, CDN Verification)
- Example: SRI Implementation
- SRI Benefits
- When to Use SRI
- Frontend Security Summary
- 1. RESTful APIs (Axios, Fetch API, HTTP Methods)
- Example: RESTful API Integration
- Fetch vs Axios
- HTTP Methods
- 2. GraphQL (Apollo Client, Relay, Queries, Mutations)
- Example: GraphQL Integration
- GraphQL vs REST
- Apollo Cache Policies
- 3. tRPC (Type-safe APIs, End-to-end TypeScript)
- Example: tRPC Implementation
- tRPC Benefits
- When to Use tRPC
- 4. Offline-First Strategy (IndexedDB, LocalStorage, Sync)
- Example: Offline-First with IndexedDB
- Storage Comparison
- IndexedDB Libraries
- 5. API Mocking (MSW, Mock Service Worker, Jest)
- Example: API Mocking with MSW
- MSW Benefits
- When to Mock APIs
- 6. Rate Limiting (Retry Logic, Exponential Backoff, Throttle)
- Example: Retry Logic and Rate Limiting
- Retry Best Practices
- Backoff Comparison
- API Integration Summary
- 1. i18n Libraries (react-intl, i18next, FormatJS)
- Example: Internationalization with react-intl and i18next
- Library Comparison
- Message File Formats
- 2. Dynamic Locale Loading (Lazy i18n, Code Splitting)
- Example: Dynamic Locale Loading
- Lazy Loading Benefits
- Loading Strategies
- 3. RTL/LTR Support (CSS Logical Properties, dir Attribute)
- Example: RTL Support with Logical Properties
- Logical Properties Map
- RTL Languages
- 4. Date and Time (date-fns, Intl.DateTimeFormat, Timezone)
- Example: Date/Time Localization
- Library Comparison
- Common Date Formats
- 5. Pluralization (ICU Message Format, Plural Rules)
- Example: ICU Message Format and Pluralization
- Plural Categories
- ICU Format Types
- 6. Locale Detection (navigator.language, Auto-detection)
- Example: Locale Detection Strategies
- Detection Priority
- Best Practices
- Internationalization Summary
- 1. CSS-in-JS (Styled-components, Emotion, styled-jsx)
- Example: CSS-in-JS Implementation
- CSS-in-JS Comparison
- Benefits of CSS-in-JS
- 2. CSS Variables (Custom Properties, --var-name, Dynamic Theming)
- Example: CSS Variables for Theming
- CSS Variables Best Practices
- When to Use CSS Variables
- 3. Tailwind CSS (Utility-first, JIT Mode, Configuration)
- Example: Tailwind CSS Implementation
- Tailwind Benefits
- Common Patterns
- 4. Design Tokens (Theme UI, Style Dictionary, JSON Tokens)
- Example: Design Tokens Implementation
- Token Categories
- Design System Benefits
- 5. Dark Mode Implementation (prefers-color-scheme, Toggle, Storage)
- Example: Dark Mode Implementation
- Dark Mode Checklist
- Color Considerations
- 6. Component Libraries (Storybook, Styleguidist, Documentation)
- Example: Storybook Setup
- Storybook Addons
- Benefits
- Modern Theming & Styling Summary
- 1. Unit Testing (Jest, Vitest, describe, it, expect)
- Example: Jest & Vitest Unit Tests
- Jest vs Vitest
- Testing Best Practices
- 2. Component Testing (React Testing Library, Vue Test Utils)
- Example: Component Testing
- RTL Query Methods
- Testing Checklist
- 3. E2E Testing (Cypress, Playwright, Selenium)
- Example: E2E Testing
- Cypress vs Playwright
- E2E Testing Best Practices
- 4. Visual Regression Testing (Storybook, Chromatic, Percy)
- Example: Visual Regression Testing
- Visual Testing Benefits
- Visual Testing Checklist
- 5. API Mocking (MSW, Mock Service Worker, Integration Tests)
- Example: MSW API Mocking
- MSW Benefits
- API Mocking Use Cases
- 6. Code Coverage (Istanbul, c8, Coverage Reports)
- Example: Test Coverage Configuration
- Coverage Metrics
- Coverage Best Practices
- Frontend Testing Stack Summary
- 1. WCAG 2.1 Compliance (AA Level, Success Criteria)
- Example: WCAG 2.1 AA Implementation
- WCAG 2.1 AA Checklist
- Legal Requirements
- 2. Screen Reader Testing (NVDA, JAWS, VoiceOver)
- Example: Screen Reader Testing
- Screen Reader Testing Checklist
- Common Screen Reader Issues
- 3. Automated Testing (axe-core, Lighthouse, pa11y)
- Example: Automated Accessibility Testing
- Automated Testing Benefits
- Axe-core Rule Categories
- 4. Focus Management (Roving Tabindex, Focus Trap, Skip Links)
- Example: Focus Management Patterns
- Focus Management Patterns
- Focus Management Checklist
- 5. Color Contrast (WCAG AAA, Contrast Ratio, WebAIM)
- Example: Color Contrast Implementation
- Contrast Quick Reference
- Contrast Testing Tools
- 6. ARIA (Live Regions, Roles, aria-label, Dynamic Content)
- Example: ARIA Live Regions
- Live Region Best Practices
- Common Use Cases
- Accessibility Implementation Summary
- 1. React Error Boundaries (componentDidCatch, Fallback UI)
- Example: Error Boundaries Implementation
- Error Boundary Placement
- Error Boundary Checklist
- 2. Error Monitoring (Sentry, LogRocket, Error Tracking)
- Example: Error Monitoring Setup
- Sentry Benefits
- LogRocket Benefits
- 3. Try-Catch (Async/Await, Promise.catch, Error Handling)
- Example: Async Error Handling Patterns
- Error Handling Best Practices
- Common Error Types
- 4. User Feedback (Toast Notifications, Alert, Snackbar)
- Example: Toast Notifications Implementation
- Toast Best Practices
- When to Use Toasts
- 5. Retry Logic (Exponential Backoff, Retry Strategies)
- Example: Retry Logic Implementation
- Retry Strategy Comparison
- When to Retry
- 6. Circuit Breaker Pattern (Failure Detection, Fallback)
- Example: Circuit Breaker Implementation
- Circuit Breaker States
- Circuit Breaker Benefits
- Error Handling & Resilience Summary
- 1. Jamstack Platforms (Vercel, Netlify, Automatic Deployments)
- Example: Vercel deployment configuration
- Example: Netlify configuration
- 2. CI/CD Pipelines (GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Jenkins)
- Example: Complete CI/CD pipeline
- 3. Docker Containers (Dockerfile, Multi-stage Builds, nginx)
- Example: Production Dockerfile with multi-stage build
- Example: Nginx configuration for SPA
- 4. Static Hosting (CloudFront + S3, CDN, Edge Caching)
- Example: Deploy script for S3 + CloudFront
- Example: CloudFront Functions for security headers
- 5. Deployment Strategies (Blue-Green, Canary, Rolling Updates)
- Example: Kubernetes canary deployment with Flagger
- Example: Feature flag implementation
- 6. Environment Config (dotenv, Environment Variables, Secrets)
- Example: Environment validation with Zod
- Example: Runtime config injection for Docker
- Deployment & Delivery Summary
- 1. Linting and Formatting (ESLint, Prettier, .eslintrc)
- Example: ESLint + Prettier configuration
- Example: Package.json scripts
- 2. Git Hooks (Husky, lint-staged, Pre-commit Checks)
- Example: Complete Husky + lint-staged setup
- 3. Code Analysis (SonarQube, Quality Gates, Code Smells)
- Example: SonarQube CI integration
- 4. TypeScript (Strict Mode, tsconfig, Type Safety)
- Example: Strict TypeScript configuration
- Example: Advanced type safety patterns
- 5. Documentation (JSDoc, TSDoc, Typedoc Generation)
- Example: Comprehensive JSDoc documentation
- Example: TypeDoc configuration
- 6. Dependency Management (Renovate, Dependabot, npm audit)
- Example: Renovate configuration
- Example: Dependabot configuration
- Code Quality & Maintainability Summary
- 1. Service Workers (Workbox, Caching Strategies, sw.js)
- Example: Workbox service worker with caching strategies
- Example: Register service worker in React
- 2. Web App Manifest (manifest.json, Installation, Icons)
- Example: Complete manifest.json
- Example: Install prompt handler
- 3. Push Notifications (Web Push API, Notification Permission)
- Example: Client-side push subscription
- Example: Service worker push handler and server
- 4. Background Sync (Offline Queue, Sync API)
- Example: Background sync with Workbox
- Example: Client-side offline queue manager
- 5. Cache API (Cache Storage, CacheStorage, Cache First)
- Example: Cache management in service worker
- Example: Storage quota monitoring
- 6. App Shell Architecture (Performance, Offline UX)
- Example: App shell HTML structure
- Example: React app shell with code splitting
- Progressive Web App Summary
- 1. Babel Transpilation (Polyfills, core-js, ES6+ Support)
- Example: Babel configuration with optimal polyfilling
- Example: Feature detection and polyfill loading
- 2. PostCSS (Autoprefixer, Vendor Prefixes, -webkit-, -moz-)
- Example: Complete PostCSS configuration
- 3. Feature Detection (Can I Use, Modernizr, @supports)
- Example: Feature detection patterns
- 4. Progressive Enhancement (Feature Support, Graceful Degradation)
- Example: Progressive enhancement patterns
- 5. Cross-browser Testing (BrowserStack, Sauce Labs, Selenium)
- Example: Playwright cross-browser tests
- 6. Differential Loading (ES Modules, Legacy Bundle, nomodule)
- Example: Differential loading setup
- Browser Compatibility Summary