Enterprise and Production Considerations

1. Polyfill Bundle Size Optimization

Optimization Technique Method Size Reduction Implementation
Tree Shaking Remove unused code 30-50% ES modules + webpack/rollup
Code Splitting Separate polyfill chunks 40-60% Dynamic imports
Differential Serving Modern vs legacy bundles 50-70% module/nomodule
Selective Polyfills Load only needed features 60-80% Feature detection
Compression Gzip/Brotli 70-80% Server configuration
Minification Remove whitespace, optimize 20-30% Terser/UglifyJS

Example: Bundle size optimization strategy

// bundle-optimizer.js
var BundleOptimizer = {
    // Analyze bundle composition
    analyzeBundle: function() {
        // Use webpack-bundle-analyzer or similar
        return {
            total: 250, // KB
            polyfills: 120, // KB
            application: 100, // KB
            vendor: 30 // KB
        };
    },
    
    // Calculate optimal polyfill strategy
    optimizeStrategy: function() {
        var analysis = this.analyzeBundle();
        var recommendations = [];
        
        // Check if polyfills are too large
        var polyfillPercentage = (analysis.polyfills / analysis.total) * 100;
        
        if (polyfillPercentage > 40) {
            recommendations.push({
                issue: 'Polyfills exceed 40% of bundle',
                solution: 'Implement differential serving',
                savings: Math.round(analysis.polyfills * 0.6) + ' KB'
            });
        }
        
        // Check for tree-shaking opportunities
        recommendations.push({
            issue: 'Potential unused polyfills',
            solution: 'Use core-js with useBuiltIns: "usage"',
            savings: Math.round(analysis.polyfills * 0.3) + ' KB'
        });
        
        // Compression recommendations
        recommendations.push({
            issue: 'Uncompressed assets',
            solution: 'Enable Brotli compression',
            savings: Math.round(analysis.total * 0.7) + ' KB (transfer size)'
        });
        
        return recommendations;
    },
    
    // Generate optimized bundle configuration
    generateConfig: function() {
        return {
            modern: {
                target: 'es2015',
                polyfills: [
                    'Promise.allSettled',
                    'String.matchAll'
                ],
                size: '80 KB',
                browsers: '>0.5%, not dead, supports es6-module'
            },
            
            legacy: {
                target: 'es5',
                polyfills: [
                    'core-js/stable',
                    'regenerator-runtime',
                    'whatwg-fetch',
                    'intersection-observer'
                ],
                size: '220 KB',
                browsers: 'ie 11, > 0.5%'
            },
            
            savings: {
                modernBrowsers: '140 KB saved (64%)',
                avgUser: '90 KB saved (41%)'
            }
        };
    }
};

// Webpack plugin for size budget enforcement
class PolyfillBudgetPlugin {
    constructor(options) {
        this.maxSize = options.maxSize || 100 * 1024; // 100 KB default
        this.maxPolyfillPercentage = options.maxPolyfillPercentage || 30;
    }
    
    apply(compiler) {
        compiler.hooks.afterEmit.tap('PolyfillBudgetPlugin', (compilation) => {
            var polyfillSize = 0;
            var totalSize = 0;
            
            Object.keys(compilation.assets).forEach((filename) => {
                var size = compilation.assets[filename].size();
                totalSize += size;
                
                if (filename.includes('polyfill')) {
                    polyfillSize += size;
                }
            });
            
            var percentage = (polyfillSize / totalSize) * 100;
            
            console.log('\n📦 Bundle Size Analysis:');
            console.log('  Total: ' + (totalSize / 1024).toFixed(2) + ' KB');
            console.log('  Polyfills: ' + (polyfillSize / 1024).toFixed(2) + ' KB (' + percentage.toFixed(1) + '%)');
            
            if (polyfillSize > this.maxSize) {
                compilation.errors.push(
                    new Error('Polyfill bundle exceeds size budget: ' + 
                             (polyfillSize / 1024).toFixed(2) + ' KB > ' + 
                             (this.maxSize / 1024).toFixed(2) + ' KB')
                );
            }
            
            if (percentage > this.maxPolyfillPercentage) {
                compilation.warnings.push(
                    new Error('Polyfills exceed ' + this.maxPolyfillPercentage + 
                             '% of total bundle (' + percentage.toFixed(1) + '%)')
                );
            }
        });
    }
}

// Usage in webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
    plugins: [
        new PolyfillBudgetPlugin({
            maxSize: 100 * 1024, // 100 KB
            maxPolyfillPercentage: 30 // 30%
        })
    ],
    
    performance: {
        maxEntrypointSize: 250 * 1024,
        maxAssetSize: 100 * 1024,
        hints: 'warning'
    }
};
Note: Target <100 KB polyfills for modern browsers, <250 KB for legacy. Use differential serving to reduce modern bundle by 50-70%.

2. Runtime Performance Impact Analysis

Metric Measurement Tool Acceptable Range Impact
Parse Time DevTools Performance <50 ms FCP, TTI
Execution Time performance.measure() <100 ms TTI
Method Call Overhead Benchmark tests <2x native Runtime performance
Main Thread Blocking Lighthouse <50 ms chunks Responsiveness
FCP Impact WebPageTest, Lighthouse <100 ms delay Perceived performance

Example: Performance monitoring system

// performance-monitor.js
var PolyfillPerformanceMonitor = {
    metrics: {},
    
    // Mark polyfill loading start
    markStart: function(polyfillName) {
        performance.mark('polyfill-' + polyfillName + '-start');
    },
    
    // Mark polyfill loading end
    markEnd: function(polyfillName) {
        performance.mark('polyfill-' + polyfillName + '-end');
        
        performance.measure(
            'polyfill-' + polyfillName,
            'polyfill-' + polyfillName + '-start',
            'polyfill-' + polyfillName + '-end'
        );
        
        var measure = performance.getEntriesByName('polyfill-' + polyfillName)[0];
        
        this.metrics[polyfillName] = {
            duration: measure.duration,
            startTime: measure.startTime
        };
        
        console.log('Polyfill ' + polyfillName + ' loaded in ' + 
                   measure.duration.toFixed(2) + 'ms');
    },
    
    // Measure method performance
    measureMethod: function(nativeFn, polyfillFn, iterations) {
        iterations = iterations || 10000;
        
        // Measure native
        var nativeStart = performance.now();
        for (var i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
            nativeFn();
        }
        var nativeDuration = performance.now() - nativeStart;
        
        // Measure polyfill
        var polyfillStart = performance.now();
        for (var i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
            polyfillFn();
        }
        var polyfillDuration = performance.now() - polyfillStart;
        
        var slowdown = polyfillDuration / nativeDuration;
        
        return {
            native: nativeDuration,
            polyfill: polyfillDuration,
            slowdown: slowdown,
            acceptable: slowdown < 2
        };
    },
    
    // Monitor FCP impact
    measureFCPImpact: function() {
        if (!window.PerformanceObserver) {
            return;
        }
        
        var observer = new PerformanceObserver(function(list) {
            list.getEntries().forEach(function(entry) {
                if (entry.name === 'first-contentful-paint') {
                    console.log('FCP: ' + entry.startTime.toFixed(2) + 'ms');
                    
                    // Check if polyfills delayed FCP
                    var polyfillMarks = performance.getEntriesByType('mark')
                        .filter(function(mark) {
                            return mark.name.includes('polyfill');
                        });
                    
                    var polyfillTime = 0;
                    polyfillMarks.forEach(function(mark) {
                        if (mark.startTime < entry.startTime) {
                            polyfillTime += mark.duration || 0;
                        }
                    });
                    
                    var impact = (polyfillTime / entry.startTime) * 100;
                    console.log('Polyfill impact on FCP: ' + impact.toFixed(1) + '%');
                }
            });
        });
        
        observer.observe({ entryTypes: ['paint'] });
    },
    
    // Generate performance report
    generateReport: function() {
        var report = {
            totalPolyfillTime: 0,
            polyfills: [],
            recommendations: []
        };
        
        Object.keys(this.metrics).forEach(function(name) {
            var metric = this.metrics[name];
            report.totalPolyfillTime += metric.duration;
            
            report.polyfills.push({
                name: name,
                duration: metric.duration.toFixed(2) + 'ms',
                startTime: metric.startTime.toFixed(2) + 'ms'
            });
            
            // Recommendations
            if (metric.duration > 50) {
                report.recommendations.push({
                    polyfill: name,
                    issue: 'Slow loading (>50ms)',
                    solution: 'Consider lazy loading or removing'
                });
            }
        }.bind(this));
        
        // Overall assessment
        if (report.totalPolyfillTime > 100) {
            report.recommendations.push({
                issue: 'Total polyfill time exceeds 100ms',
                solution: 'Use differential serving to reduce polyfills for modern browsers'
            });
        }
        
        return report;
    },
    
    // Send metrics to analytics
    sendToAnalytics: function() {
        var report = this.generateReport();
        
        // Send to Google Analytics, custom endpoint, etc.
        if (typeof gtag !== 'undefined') {
            gtag('event', 'polyfill_performance', {
                total_time: report.totalPolyfillTime,
                polyfill_count: report.polyfills.length
            });
        }
        
        console.log('Performance Report:', report);
    }
};

// Usage
PolyfillPerformanceMonitor.markStart('Promise');
import('es6-promise/auto').then(function() {
    PolyfillPerformanceMonitor.markEnd('Promise');
});

// Monitor FCP impact
PolyfillPerformanceMonitor.measureFCPImpact();

// Generate report on page load
window.addEventListener('load', function() {
    setTimeout(function() {
        PolyfillPerformanceMonitor.sendToAnalytics();
    }, 1000);
});
Warning: Polyfills can delay FCP by 50-200 ms. Measure impact and lazy-load non-critical polyfills to improve perceived performance.

3. Memory Usage and Garbage Collection

Issue Cause Impact Solution
Memory Leaks Retained references Growing heap, crashes Cleanup, WeakMap/WeakSet
High Memory Overhead Polyfill implementation Mobile performance Optimize algorithms
Frequent GC Pauses Object churn Jank, stuttering Object pooling
Large Closures Captured scope Memory retention Minimize closure scope
Prototype Pollution Unsafe extensions Security, conflicts Feature detection guards

Example: Memory monitoring and optimization

// memory-monitor.js
var MemoryMonitor = {
    snapshots: [],
    
    // Take memory snapshot (Chrome only)
    takeSnapshot: function() {
        if (!performance.memory) {
            console.warn('performance.memory not available');
            return null;
        }
        
        var snapshot = {
            timestamp: Date.now(),
            usedJSHeapSize: performance.memory.usedJSHeapSize,
            totalJSHeapSize: performance.memory.totalJSHeapSize,
            jsHeapSizeLimit: performance.memory.jsHeapSizeLimit
        };
        
        this.snapshots.push(snapshot);
        return snapshot;
    },
    
    // Analyze memory growth
    analyzeGrowth: function() {
        if (this.snapshots.length < 2) {
            return null;
        }
        
        var first = this.snapshots[0];
        var last = this.snapshots[this.snapshots.length - 1];
        
        var growth = last.usedJSHeapSize - first.usedJSHeapSize;
        var duration = last.timestamp - first.timestamp;
        var growthRate = growth / duration; // bytes per ms
        
        return {
            growth: (growth / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2) + ' MB',
            duration: (duration / 1000).toFixed(2) + ' seconds',
            growthRate: (growthRate * 1000).toFixed(2) + ' KB/s',
            isLeaking: growthRate > 100 // >100 KB/s sustained growth
        };
    },
    
    // Test for memory leaks
    testForLeaks: function(testFn, iterations) {
        iterations = iterations || 1000;
        
        // Force GC before test (requires --expose-gc flag)
        if (global.gc) {
            global.gc();
        }
        
        this.takeSnapshot();
        
        // Run test function multiple times
        for (var i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
            testFn();
        }
        
        // Force GC after test
        if (global.gc) {
            global.gc();
        }
        
        setTimeout(function() {
            this.takeSnapshot();
            var analysis = this.analyzeGrowth();
            
            console.log('Memory Leak Test Results:');
            console.log('  Growth: ' + analysis.growth);
            console.log('  Rate: ' + analysis.growthRate);
            console.log('  Leaking: ' + (analysis.isLeaking ? 'YES ⚠️' : 'NO ✓'));
        }.bind(this), 1000);
    },
    
    // Monitor continuous memory usage
    startMonitoring: function(interval) {
        interval = interval || 5000; // 5 seconds
        
        this.monitoringInterval = setInterval(function() {
            var snapshot = this.takeSnapshot();
            
            if (snapshot) {
                var usedMB = (snapshot.usedJSHeapSize / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2);
                var totalMB = (snapshot.totalJSHeapSize / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2);
                var percentage = ((snapshot.usedJSHeapSize / snapshot.totalJSHeapSize) * 100).toFixed(1);
                
                console.log('Memory: ' + usedMB + ' MB / ' + totalMB + ' MB (' + percentage + '%)');
                
                // Alert if memory is high
                if (percentage > 80) {
                    console.warn('⚠️  High memory usage: ' + percentage + '%');
                }
            }
        }.bind(this), interval);
    },
    
    stopMonitoring: function() {
        if (this.monitoringInterval) {
            clearInterval(this.monitoringInterval);
        }
    }
};

// Memory-efficient polyfill patterns
var MemoryEfficientPolyfills = {
    // Use WeakMap to avoid memory leaks
    createPrivateStorage: function() {
        if (typeof WeakMap !== 'undefined') {
            return new WeakMap();
        } else {
            // Fallback: use regular object with cleanup
            var storage = {};
            var counter = 0;
            
            return {
                set: function(key, value) {
                    if (!key.__memoryId) {
                        key.__memoryId = 'id_' + (++counter);
                    }
                    storage[key.__memoryId] = value;
                },
                get: function(key) {
                    return key.__memoryId ? storage[key.__memoryId] : undefined;
                },
                delete: function(key) {
                    if (key.__memoryId) {
                        delete storage[key.__memoryId];
                    }
                }
            };
        }
    },
    
    // Object pooling for frequently created objects
    createObjectPool: function(createFn, resetFn) {
        var pool = [];
        var maxSize = 100;
        
        return {
            acquire: function() {
                if (pool.length > 0) {
                    return pool.pop();
                } else {
                    return createFn();
                }
            },
            
            release: function(obj) {
                if (pool.length < maxSize) {
                    resetFn(obj);
                    pool.push(obj);
                }
            }
        };
    }
};

// Test for memory leaks
MemoryMonitor.testForLeaks(function() {
    // Test Promise polyfill for leaks
    new Promise(function(resolve) {
        resolve('test');
    }).then(function(result) {
        return result;
    });
}, 1000);

// Start continuous monitoring
MemoryMonitor.startMonitoring(10000);
Note: Monitor memory usage in production. Polyfills can add 2-5 MB heap overhead. Use WeakMap/WeakSet to prevent leaks.

4. Monitoring and Error Tracking with Polyfills

Monitoring Tool Metrics Tracked Integration Cost
Sentry Errors, performance, releases SDK + source maps Free tier available
Datadog RUM User sessions, performance Browser SDK Paid
New Relic Application performance Browser agent Paid
Google Analytics Custom events, timing gtag.js Free
Custom Logging Application-specific Custom endpoint Infrastructure cost

Example: Error tracking and monitoring integration

// polyfill-monitoring.js
var PolyfillMonitoring = {
    // Track which polyfills were loaded
    loadedPolyfills: [],
    
    // Track polyfill errors
    polyfillErrors: [],
    
    // Initialize monitoring
    init: function(config) {
        this.config = config || {};
        
        // Set up error tracking
        this.setupErrorTracking();
        
        // Track polyfill metadata
        this.trackPolyfillMetadata();
        
        // Send initial load event
        this.trackEvent('polyfills_initialized', {
            userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
            viewport: window.innerWidth + 'x' + window.innerHeight
        });
    },
    
    // Set up global error tracking
    setupErrorTracking: function() {
        var self = this;
        
        // Catch unhandled errors
        window.addEventListener('error', function(event) {
            // Check if error is polyfill-related
            if (event.filename && event.filename.includes('polyfill')) {
                self.trackPolyfillError({
                    message: event.message,
                    filename: event.filename,
                    lineno: event.lineno,
                    colno: event.colno,
                    stack: event.error ? event.error.stack : null
                });
            }
        });
        
        // Catch unhandled promise rejections
        window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', function(event) {
            self.trackPolyfillError({
                message: 'Unhandled Promise Rejection',
                reason: event.reason,
                promise: event.promise
            });
        });
    },
    
    // Track polyfill loading
    trackPolyfillLoad: function(polyfillName, loadTime, success) {
        this.loadedPolyfills.push({
            name: polyfillName,
            loadTime: loadTime,
            success: success,
            timestamp: Date.now()
        });
        
        // Send to monitoring service
        this.trackEvent('polyfill_loaded', {
            polyfill: polyfillName,
            loadTime: loadTime,
            success: success
        });
        
        // Track in Sentry
        if (window.Sentry) {
            Sentry.addBreadcrumb({
                category: 'polyfill',
                message: 'Loaded ' + polyfillName,
                level: success ? 'info' : 'error',
                data: { loadTime: loadTime }
            });
        }
    },
    
    // Track polyfill errors
    trackPolyfillError: function(errorInfo) {
        this.polyfillErrors.push({
            ...errorInfo,
            timestamp: Date.now(),
            userAgent: navigator.userAgent
        });
        
        console.error('Polyfill Error:', errorInfo);
        
        // Send to Sentry
        if (window.Sentry) {
            Sentry.captureException(new Error(errorInfo.message), {
                tags: {
                    type: 'polyfill_error',
                    polyfill: errorInfo.filename || 'unknown'
                },
                extra: errorInfo
            });
        }
        
        // Send to custom endpoint
        this.sendToEndpoint('/api/polyfill-errors', errorInfo);
    },
    
    // Track polyfill metadata
    trackPolyfillMetadata: function() {
        var metadata = {
            browser: this.detectBrowser(),
            features: this.detectFeatureSupport(),
            polyfillsNeeded: this.detectPolyfillsNeeded()
        };
        
        // Set Sentry context
        if (window.Sentry) {
            Sentry.setContext('polyfills', metadata);
        }
        
        // Send to analytics
        this.trackEvent('polyfill_metadata', metadata);
    },
    
    // Detect browser
    detectBrowser: function() {
        var ua = navigator.userAgent;
        var browsers = {
            chrome: /Chrome\/(\d+)/.exec(ua),
            firefox: /Firefox\/(\d+)/.exec(ua),
            safari: /Version\/(\d+).*Safari/.exec(ua),
            edge: /Edg\/(\d+)/.exec(ua),
            ie: /MSIE (\d+)|Trident.*rv:(\d+)/.exec(ua)
        };
        
        for (var name in browsers) {
            if (browsers[name]) {
                return {
                    name: name,
                    version: browsers[name][1] || browsers[name][2]
                };
            }
        }
        
        return { name: 'unknown', version: 'unknown' };
    },
    
    // Detect feature support
    detectFeatureSupport: function() {
        return {
            Promise: typeof Promise !== 'undefined',
            fetch: typeof fetch !== 'undefined',
            IntersectionObserver: typeof IntersectionObserver !== 'undefined',
            ResizeObserver: typeof ResizeObserver !== 'undefined',
            CustomElements: typeof customElements !== 'undefined',
            Map: typeof Map !== 'undefined',
            Set: typeof Set !== 'undefined',
            Symbol: typeof Symbol !== 'undefined'
        };
    },
    
    // Detect which polyfills are needed
    detectPolyfillsNeeded: function() {
        var support = this.detectFeatureSupport();
        var needed = [];
        
        Object.keys(support).forEach(function(feature) {
            if (!support[feature]) {
                needed.push(feature);
            }
        });
        
        return needed;
    },
    
    // Track custom event
    trackEvent: function(eventName, data) {
        // Google Analytics
        if (typeof gtag !== 'undefined') {
            gtag('event', eventName, data);
        }
        
        // Datadog RUM
        if (window.DD_RUM) {
            window.DD_RUM.addAction(eventName, data);
        }
        
        console.log('Event:', eventName, data);
    },
    
    // Send data to custom endpoint
    sendToEndpoint: function(endpoint, data) {
        if (typeof fetch !== 'undefined') {
            fetch(endpoint, {
                method: 'POST',
                headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
                body: JSON.stringify(data)
            }).catch(function(error) {
                console.error('Failed to send monitoring data:', error);
            });
        }
    },
    
    // Generate monitoring report
    generateReport: function() {
        return {
            loadedPolyfills: this.loadedPolyfills,
            errors: this.polyfillErrors,
            browser: this.detectBrowser(),
            features: this.detectFeatureSupport(),
            summary: {
                totalPolyfills: this.loadedPolyfills.length,
                totalErrors: this.polyfillErrors.length,
                avgLoadTime: this.loadedPolyfills.reduce(function(sum, p) {
                    return sum + (p.loadTime || 0);
                }, 0) / this.loadedPolyfills.length
            }
        };
    }
};

// Initialize monitoring
PolyfillMonitoring.init({
    sentryDsn: 'https://your-sentry-dsn',
    customEndpoint: '/api/monitoring'
});

// Track polyfill loading
PolyfillMonitoring.trackPolyfillLoad('Promise', 25, true);
PolyfillMonitoring.trackPolyfillLoad('fetch', 18, true);
Note: Track polyfill load success rates and errors by browser version. Use data to identify problematic polyfills or browser combinations.

5. Deployment Strategies for Polyfill Updates

Strategy Risk Level Rollback Time Use Case
Blue-Green Deployment Low Instant Critical updates
Canary Release Low 5-10 minutes Gradual rollout
Rolling Update Medium 15-30 minutes Continuous deployment
Feature Flags Very Low Instant A/B testing
Versioned Assets Low Cache expiry Cache busting

Example: Deployment automation with canary strategy

// deployment-manager.js
var PolyfillDeployment = {
    // Current polyfill version
    version: '1.2.3',
    
    // Canary configuration
    canary: {
        enabled: false,
        percentage: 10, // 10% of users
        duration: 3600000, // 1 hour
        startTime: null
    },
    
    // Feature flags
    flags: {
        'new-promise-polyfill': false,
        'experimental-fetch': false
    },
    
    // Initialize deployment
    init: function() {
        // Check if user is in canary group
        var isCanary = this.isCanaryUser();
        
        if (isCanary) {
            console.log('User in canary group, loading new polyfills');
            this.loadCanaryPolyfills();
        } else {
            console.log('User in stable group, loading stable polyfills');
            this.loadStablePolyfills();
        }
        
        // Track deployment version
        this.trackDeploymentMetrics();
    },
    
    // Check if user is in canary group
    isCanaryUser: function() {
        if (!this.canary.enabled) {
            return false;
        }
        
        // Check if canary period expired
        if (this.canary.startTime) {
            var elapsed = Date.now() - this.canary.startTime;
            if (elapsed > this.canary.duration) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        
        // Use consistent hashing based on user ID or session
        var userId = this.getUserId();
        var hash = this.hashCode(userId);
        var bucket = Math.abs(hash % 100);
        
        return bucket < this.canary.percentage;
    },
    
    // Get or generate user ID
    getUserId: function() {
        var userId = localStorage.getItem('userId');
        if (!userId) {
            userId = 'user_' + Date.now() + '_' + Math.random();
            localStorage.setItem('userId', userId);
        }
        return userId;
    },
    
    // Simple hash function
    hashCode: function(str) {
        var hash = 0;
        for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
            var char = str.charCodeAt(i);
            hash = ((hash << 5) - hash) + char;
            hash = hash & hash;
        }
        return hash;
    },
    
    // Load canary polyfills
    loadCanaryPolyfills: function() {
        var version = this.version + '-canary';
        
        return Promise.all([
            this.loadVersionedPolyfill('promise', version),
            this.loadVersionedPolyfill('fetch', version)
        ]).then(function() {
            console.log('Canary polyfills loaded');
            this.trackEvent('canary_polyfills_loaded');
        }.bind(this));
    },
    
    // Load stable polyfills
    loadStablePolyfills: function() {
        return Promise.all([
            this.loadVersionedPolyfill('promise', this.version),
            this.loadVersionedPolyfill('fetch', this.version)
        ]).then(function() {
            console.log('Stable polyfills loaded');
            this.trackEvent('stable_polyfills_loaded');
        }.bind(this));
    },
    
    // Load versioned polyfill
    loadVersionedPolyfill: function(name, version) {
        var url = '/polyfills/' + name + '.' + version + '.js';
        
        return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
            var script = document.createElement('script');
            script.src = url;
            script.async = true;
            
            script.onload = function() {
                console.log('Loaded:', name, 'v' + version);
                resolve();
            };
            
            script.onerror = function() {
                console.error('Failed to load:', name, 'v' + version);
                // Fallback to stable version
                if (version.includes('canary')) {
                    console.log('Falling back to stable version');
                    PolyfillDeployment.loadVersionedPolyfill(name, PolyfillDeployment.version)
                        .then(resolve)
                        .catch(reject);
                } else {
                    reject(new Error('Failed to load polyfill: ' + name));
                }
            };
            
            document.head.appendChild(script);
        });
    },
    
    // Track deployment metrics
    trackDeploymentMetrics: function() {
        var metrics = {
            version: this.version,
            isCanary: this.isCanaryUser(),
            browser: navigator.userAgent,
            timestamp: Date.now()
        };
        
        // Send to monitoring service
        this.trackEvent('deployment_metrics', metrics);
    },
    
    // Track event
    trackEvent: function(eventName, data) {
        if (typeof gtag !== 'undefined') {
            gtag('event', eventName, data);
        }
    }
};

// CI/CD deployment script (Node.js)
// deploy-polyfills.js
const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');

class PolyfillDeployer {
    constructor(config) {
        this.config = config;
        this.version = require('./package.json').version;
    }
    
    async deploy() {
        console.log('Deploying polyfills version:', this.version);
        
        // 1. Build polyfills
        await this.buildPolyfills();
        
        // 2. Run tests
        await this.runTests();
        
        // 3. Create versioned files
        await this.createVersionedFiles();
        
        // 4. Deploy to CDN
        await this.deployToCDN();
        
        // 5. Enable canary release
        await this.enableCanary();
        
        console.log('Deployment complete!');
    }
    
    async buildPolyfills() {
        console.log('Building polyfills...');
        // Run webpack/rollup build
    }
    
    async runTests() {
        console.log('Running tests...');
        // Run test suite
    }
    
    async createVersionedFiles() {
        console.log('Creating versioned files...');
        
        const files = ['promise.js', 'fetch.js', 'polyfills.js'];
        
        files.forEach(file => {
            const source = path.join('dist', file);
            const dest = path.join('dist', file.replace('.js', `.${this.version}.js`));
            fs.copyFileSync(source, dest);
            console.log('Created:', dest);
        });
    }
    
    async deployToCDN() {
        console.log('Deploying to CDN...');
        // Upload to S3/CloudFront/etc
    }
    
    async enableCanary() {
        console.log('Enabling canary release (10%)...');
        // Update feature flag or config
    }
}

// Usage
// node deploy-polyfills.js
const deployer = new PolyfillDeployer({
    cdn: 'https://cdn.example.com',
    canaryPercentage: 10
});

deployer.deploy();
Warning: Always use canary releases for polyfill updates. A broken polyfill can affect 100% of users on older browsers.

6. A/B Testing with Differential Polyfill Loading

Test Variant Configuration Metrics Success Criteria
Control (Full) All polyfills loaded Compatibility, errors <0.1% error rate
Variant A (Minimal) Only critical polyfills Performance, FCP 100ms faster FCP
Variant B (Lazy) Lazy-loaded polyfills Bundle size, TTI 50% smaller initial bundle
Variant C (Differential) Modern vs legacy bundles All metrics Best of all variants

Example: A/B testing framework for polyfills

// ab-testing.js
var PolyfillABTest = {
    // Test configuration
    tests: {
        'polyfill-loading-strategy': {
            variants: ['control', 'minimal', 'lazy', 'differential'],
            distribution: [25, 25, 25, 25], // Equal distribution
            startDate: new Date('2025-01-01'),
            endDate: new Date('2025-01-31')
        }
    },
    
    // Initialize A/B test
    init: function(testName) {
        var test = this.tests[testName];
        if (!test) {
            console.error('Test not found:', testName);
            return;
        }
        
        // Check if test is active
        var now = new Date();
        if (now < test.startDate || now > test.endDate) {
            console.log('Test not active, using control');
            return this.loadVariant(testName, 'control');
        }
        
        // Get or assign user to variant
        var variant = this.getUserVariant(testName, test);
        console.log('User assigned to variant:', variant);
        
        // Load appropriate polyfills
        return this.loadVariant(testName, variant);
    },
    
    // Get user's variant assignment
    getUserVariant: function(testName, test) {
        var storageKey = 'ab_test_' + testName;
        var assigned = localStorage.getItem(storageKey);
        
        if (assigned && test.variants.includes(assigned)) {
            return assigned;
        }
        
        // Assign variant based on distribution
        var random = Math.random() * 100;
        var cumulative = 0;
        
        for (var i = 0; i < test.variants.length; i++) {
            cumulative += test.distribution[i];
            if (random < cumulative) {
                assigned = test.variants[i];
                break;
            }
        }
        
        localStorage.setItem(storageKey, assigned);
        return assigned;
    },
    
    // Load polyfills for variant
    loadVariant: function(testName, variant) {
        var strategies = {
            'control': this.loadControlPolyfills.bind(this),
            'minimal': this.loadMinimalPolyfills.bind(this),
            'lazy': this.loadLazyPolyfills.bind(this),
            'differential': this.loadDifferentialPolyfills.bind(this)
        };
        
        var startTime = performance.now();
        
        return strategies[variant]().then(function() {
            var loadTime = performance.now() - startTime;
            
            // Track variant metrics
            this.trackVariantMetrics(testName, variant, {
                loadTime: loadTime,
                timestamp: Date.now()
            });
            
            return variant;
        }.bind(this));
    },
    
    // Load all polyfills (control)
    loadControlPolyfills: function() {
        return Promise.all([
            import('core-js/stable'),
            import('regenerator-runtime/runtime'),
            import('whatwg-fetch'),
            import('intersection-observer')
        ]);
    },
    
    // Load minimal polyfills
    loadMinimalPolyfills: function() {
        var polyfills = [];
        
        if (!window.Promise) {
            polyfills.push(import('es6-promise/auto'));
        }
        
        if (!window.fetch) {
            polyfills.push(import('whatwg-fetch'));
        }
        
        return Promise.all(polyfills);
    },
    
    // Load lazy polyfills
    loadLazyPolyfills: function() {
        // Load critical polyfills immediately
        var critical = this.loadMinimalPolyfills();
        
        // Lazy load others during idle time
        if ('requestIdleCallback' in window) {
            requestIdleCallback(function() {
                if (!window.IntersectionObserver) {
                    import('intersection-observer');
                }
            });
        }
        
        return critical;
    },
    
    // Load differential polyfills
    loadDifferentialPolyfills: function() {
        var isModern = this.detectModernBrowser();
        
        if (isModern) {
            // Modern browsers: minimal polyfills
            return this.loadMinimalPolyfills();
        } else {
            // Legacy browsers: full polyfills
            return this.loadControlPolyfills();
        }
    },
    
    // Detect modern browser
    detectModernBrowser: function() {
        return (
            'Promise' in window &&
            'fetch' in window &&
            'assign' in Object &&
            'from' in Array
        );
    },
    
    // Track variant metrics
    trackVariantMetrics: function(testName, variant, metrics) {
        var data = {
            test: testName,
            variant: variant,
            ...metrics,
            userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
            viewport: window.innerWidth + 'x' + window.innerHeight
        };
        
        // Send to analytics
        if (typeof gtag !== 'undefined') {
            gtag('event', 'ab_test_variant', data);
        }
        
        // Track in Datadog
        if (window.DD_RUM) {
            window.DD_RUM.addAction('ab_test_variant', data);
        }
        
        // Track performance metrics
        this.trackPerformanceMetrics(testName, variant);
    },
    
    // Track performance metrics for variant
    trackPerformanceMetrics: function(testName, variant) {
        // Wait for page load
        window.addEventListener('load', function() {
            setTimeout(function() {
                var metrics = {
                    test: testName,
                    variant: variant,
                    fcp: this.getFCP(),
                    lcp: this.getLCP(),
                    tti: this.getTTI(),
                    bundleSize: this.getBundleSize()
                };
                
                console.log('A/B Test Metrics:', metrics);
                
                // Send to analytics
                if (typeof gtag !== 'undefined') {
                    gtag('event', 'ab_test_metrics', metrics);
                }
            }.bind(this), 1000);
        }.bind(this));
    },
    
    getFCP: function() {
        var fcp = performance.getEntriesByName('first-contentful-paint')[0];
        return fcp ? fcp.startTime : null;
    },
    
    getLCP: function() {
        // Simplified LCP measurement
        var lcpEntries = performance.getEntriesByType('largest-contentful-paint');
        return lcpEntries.length > 0 ? lcpEntries[lcpEntries.length - 1].startTime : null;
    },
    
    getTTI: function() {
        // Simplified TTI measurement
        return performance.timing.domInteractive - performance.timing.navigationStart;
    },
    
    getBundleSize: function() {
        // Calculate total bundle size
        var resources = performance.getEntriesByType('resource');
        var totalSize = 0;
        
        resources.forEach(function(resource) {
            if (resource.name.includes('.js')) {
                totalSize += resource.transferSize || 0;
            }
        });
        
        return totalSize;
    }
};

// Initialize A/B test
PolyfillABTest.init('polyfill-loading-strategy').then(function(variant) {
    console.log('A/B test initialized with variant:', variant);
    
    // Initialize app
    initApp();
});

Key Takeaways - Enterprise & Production

  • Bundle Size: Target <100 KB for modern, use differential serving for 50-70% savings
  • Performance: Polyfills can delay FCP by 50-200ms, monitor and optimize
  • Memory: Monitor for leaks, polyfills add 2-5 MB heap overhead
  • Monitoring: Track load success, errors, and performance by browser
  • Deployment: Use canary releases, versioned assets, instant rollback
  • A/B Testing: Test loading strategies, measure FCP, TTI, bundle size impact